Antipyretics for children are prescribed by a pediatrician. But there are emergency situations for fever when the child needs to be given medicine immediately. Then the parents take responsibility and use antipyretic drugs. What is allowed to give to infants? How can you bring down the temperature in older children? What medicines are the safest?
Norway is arguably the best country for adventure tourism in Europe. There is everything here: mountains for climbers, rock climbers and basers, year-round snow resorts for skiers and snowboarders, excellent roads for cyclists and longboarders, updrafts for paragliders, rivers for kayakers and rafters, sea and fjords for yachtsmen and surfers. This list can be continued for a very long time.
Voss Extreme Sport Ekstremsportveko 2014 Today's Video Torsdag 22 06 14
The video, which was edited from material filmed during the annual Extreme sport veko festival held in the small village of Voss, gives a complete picture of Norway's possibilities for extreme sports. All the madness on video was filmed within one week on an area within 20 kilometers of Voss
Of course, Norway also has amazing conditions for trekking (as hiking is now called). We will talk about it in this article.
Trekking in Norway. Why is it worth going?
Fjords, the Wall and the Troll Trail, glaciers, the Lofoten Islands, huge waterfalls, high tundra, wild taiga, almost untouched wildlife, Mount Galdhopiggen - the highest point in the country, amazing geological formations that formed during the glaciation era, the turquoise ice of Nigardsbriin and Much, much more is ready to offer Norway to the most sophisticated travelers.
The mainland of Norway is located between 57° and 72° north latitude and 4° and 31° east longitude. The northernmost point of Europe - the North Cape - belongs to Norway. It is washed by the waters of the Atlantic (in the west and south) and the Arctic Oceans. The length of the coastline is 25,148 km due to the numerous fjords that deeply intrude into the mainland. The amazing relief of the country was formed due to glaciation in the Quaternary period.
Maritime climate. This means a huge amount of precipitation, a sharp and frequent change in weather. Average January temperatures range from -17°C in the north of Norway in the town of Karashuk to +1.5°C on the southwestern coast of the country. Average temperatures in July are around +7°C in the north and around +17°C in the south in Oslo. The warm Norwegian Current has a huge impact on the climate of the country, thanks to which Norway is again not completely covered with an ice shell. Here are two anecdotes that fully characterize the Norwegian weather:
« A tourist asks a local boy:
- Tell me, is it true that Bergen does it always rain?
“I don’t know, uncle, I’m only eleven years old.”
And the second anecdote: "If you don't like Norwegian weather, just wait one hour."
All these wonderful features of the climate dictate quite strict requirements for equipment and clothing, if you, of course, want your trekking to be warm and dry.
Clothes and shoes for trekking in Norway
The best time for trekking in Norway is summer, specifically the second half of July and August. At this time, it is warm and significantly less rainfall. However, three days of drizzling rain without a break is quite common. The temperature during the day ranges from +10°C to +25°C, and at night it does not go below zero even in the mountains (although sometimes there are exceptions). In addition, summer is the peak of the tourist season, which is tied to the work of many campsites and other infrastructure. Even ferry crossings in some places stop with the onset of autumn.
The most important piece of equipment for trekking in Norway is the top layer - a membrane jacket and pants. Trust me, they'll be great for you. Gore-Tex Paclite fabric is the best choice for hiking in the mountains in any weather. It has excellent vapor permeability, water resistance, weight and durability. As a rule, it is used in light and compact clothing, just the kind that is needed for trekking.
The next most important item of equipment is shoes. For Norway, high boots (of course, with a membrane) are better suited than trekking shoes. The chance to scoop from a swamp or stream, of which there are a million in Norway, is lower in boots. Quick-drying sandals such as Keen are suitable as camp shoes for optimists, and light rubber boots for pessimists.
Otherwise, the set of clothes is standard for any trekking:
- windproof running trousers;
a pair of thermal underwear sets of different thicknesses;
middle layer (fleece or thin down sweater/vest, jacket with Primaloft); socks; underwear (panties, T-shirts to taste);
fleece or thin wool hat;
fleece gloves if it gets very cold;
shorts and t-shirts in case of warm weather;
suitable for your duration of trekking backpack with a rain cover.
Bivouac equipment for trekking in Norway
Now about bivouac equipment. You will need a tent, a sleeping bag and a travel mat. Pay attention to the quality of the mosquito net in your tent - some places in Norway are full of mosquitoes. For the same reason, you will need repellent or other mosquito repellant. A particularly warm sleeping bag is not needed, a sufficient comfort temperature of + 5 ° C. It is better to take a self-inflating or inflatable rug like Therm-a-Rest NeoAir. These are lighter and take up less space, in addition, they provide greater comfort when spending the night on hard and uneven stones.
For cooking, you will need a burner (bonfires cannot be made in parking lots, but more on that below). If you want to save weight - take JetBoil systems or their analogues. Firstly, they allow you to really save gas, and secondly, they have built-in wind protection. In the conditions of the mountain tundra, this is very important. Speaking of gas cylinders - you can buy them in any store in the country with goods for outdoor activities, and there are such in almost every more or less large settlement. Outdoors for Norwegians is not just a vacation, but a lifestyle, so there should be no problems finding gas cylinders (and any other equipment). We will discuss the prices below. A map of one or another trekking route can be bought there. All trails are carefully marked, so it is difficult to get lost.
Some hacks for traveling in Norway
Norway is one of the most expensive countries in the world, however, if you know some tricks, you can avoid overspending.
- If you plan to come to Norway by your own car (this is very logical and inexpensive) through Finland, then it will be easier and faster to apply for a Finnish rather than a Norwegian visa.
Accommodation in guesthouses, hostels and even campsites in Norway is very expensive. Accommodation fees can be the main expense of your trip. If you want to save money - live in a tent. In 1947, a law was passed in the country that secured the right of every person to pitch a tent and spend one night in it where his camp would not interfere with anyone. That is, you can camp anywhere, as long as there are no houses or other structures within sight, and unless it is land used for agricultural purposes. It is forbidden to litter and burn fires. All waste must be taken with you.
Saving resources is a real cult in Norway, so even in campsites hot water is supplied to the shower every minute and for a fee. To save money, you can use the free shower, which is available at almost any gas station.
If you are moving between areas for trekking by car, you should pay attention to the fact that Fuel at gas stations is cheaper on weekends than on weekdays.
As of the summer of 2017, the cost of gasoline ranged from 13.5 to 16.5 NOK per liter, which in rubles was about 100 to 125 in rubles. Due to this price gap, some travelers are looking for ways to save money: if your gas level has dropped to a critical value, and there are only expensive gas stations nearby, fill the tank with 10 liters and look for a cheaper gas station.
The food prices will surprise you. However, in any supermarket in each product group there are one or two products marked “First Price” that are one third cheaper than their counterparts. This is a program to support the poorest segments of the country's population (although there are simply no such in Norway). First Price products are of good quality. The price tag is about the same as in Moscow, some items, for example, meat and fish, are even cheaper. If you buy these products, as well as refrain from alcohol and cigarettes, then traveling to Norway will not eat a huge hole in your budget.
In shops with the sign "Tax Free of tourists" you can issue a special paper when buying and get from 11% to 18% of the cost on it when leaving the country.
- Internet addicted citizens will be able to find Free Wi-Fi next to any Kiwi supermarket. They are found in almost every locality in the country.
To travel in Norway, it is not necessary to know any foreign language. Communication with local residents is an interesting thing, but completely optional. Norwegians are very unobtrusive and respect other people's rest.
Payment for fuel at a gas station is carried out through an automatic terminal, in a supermarket or camping it is enough to stretch a plastic card to the cashier.
You will need some small cash(Norwegian kroner, aka NOK) to pay for entrances and entrances to national parks and private areas. Usually the place for payment looks like a stand with information. You need to take the envelope yourself, put the required amount of Norwegian kroner into it, write your name or car number and take a special ticket with you. The temptation to go for free is high, but you shouldn't do it.
Don't try to break local rules: Don't speed, don't fish without a license, don't light fires, don't try to enter national parks without paying. Formally, there is no control, but every Norwegian citizen considers it his duty to report to the police if even a minor offense occurs before his eyes. The police will show up quickly and the amount of just a fine can exceed all the costs of travel combined.
If you don't want to worry about paperwork - fish with a bait in the sea or in the fjords. On freshwater reservoirs, a fisherman's card will be required, and used gear will need to be disinfected at special points. In addition, they have seasonality in the fishing mode.
Norway is a country where every outdoor enthusiast must visit. It has amazing conditions for everything from base jumping to kayaking. The harsh Scandinavian climate will not overshadow your trip if you think about choosing the right equipment in advance, and high prices will not leave a hole in your budget if you follow simple rules and know little tricks.
Norway... An amazing northern country with beautiful nature, the cleanest ecology, the highest standard of living, with carefully preserved traditions. The Norwegians also consider their folk costume BUNAD to be a national treasure. It is worn on the National Day of Norway - May 17, for weddings, confirmations, christenings, folklore holidays, i.e. it has become almost universal.
True, the Norwegians themselves are still debating what is bunad and how does it differ from national costume.
Some claim that bunad is the common name for many national costumes that are worn in different regions of Norway, and, in addition, it is also the name of festive clothes reconstructed in the 20th century in the national style.
Other researchers believe that Bunad is a festive dress in the national style., which existed from time immemorial, which is worn on exceptionally solemn occasions. Binard, they argue, is different from "fake" folk costumes for ceremonial occasions, which were "designed" to imitate real folk costumes. Such "reconstructions" are often referred to as "Festive attire" - festdrakt / festdrakt / In bunad stores, they are sold exactly as festdrakt, and not as bunad.
And, finally, some folklorists believe that the bunad is different from the national costume, since under national costume should be understood everyday clothes, but bunad - festive clothing.
One can argue with each point of view, especially since the very word " bunad» came from the ancient northern búnaðr - "clothing for the home"- and gives each side the opportunity to argue that she is right. Everyone is right, however, that BUNAD And FESTDRAK T are stunningly beautiful and uniquely original, and Norwegians wear them with dignity!
WOMEN'S CLOTHING are:
Embroidered blouse, vest, jacket, skirt, petticoats.
Stockings (special, also sometimes embroidered!!!),
Purse with a silver lock
Shawl, mittens for winter.
Handmade jewelry made of silver or less often gold: special fasteners, buttons, brooches, which are called sølje, earrings, cufflinks (for women), earrings, rings, belts.
Special shoes.
The "find" of the last couple of years - special umbrellas for bunad made of wool, decorated with hand embroidery and a special silver nameplate on the handle!
MEN'S SUIT consists of trousers below the knee, a linen shirt, a thick vest with several rows of buttons and an outer jacket. Knee-length wool socks are also required. The men's suit is not as heavily embroidered as the women's, but often comes in very bright colors, red and yellow or black and red. Many wear a wide-brimmed hat or a bowler hat. Men's suits in modern Norway are now more and more in demand.
Almost every village and city has its own type of bunad. Everyone has their own “past” and their own “traditions”. Very often, a bunad from the same area can be made in different colors. Sometimes in one village there are several types of national costume.
The traditional national dress of the Norwegians is called "bunad". There are several forms of its cut and countless colors. The latter is typical mainly for women's costume. For many centuries, the Norwegian costume has been influenced by the pan-European urban costume, therefore, in our time, Norwegians put on a bunad only on big holidays, weddings, and festivities.
Descriptions of the national costume are preserved in the Scandinavian sagas and in ancient images of the inhabitants of Northern Europe. It follows from them that narrow long trousers, short jackets, and cloaks with a hood are characteristic of the Old Norse costume. At present, two forms of cut are noticeable in the men's bunad. The men's national costume of the western regions of Norway consists of narrow long trousers, which at the top reach almost to the chest and are held by shoulders. Clothing is complemented by a vest, stitched with ornaments and trimmed with buttons on the chest. For the eastern regions of the country, a jacket or vest, short pants, usually just below the knees, are more typical. Jackets and pants are decorated with buttons arranged in rows. The costume is complemented by traditional golfs, which have a geometric pattern and are knitted from thick wool. In both districts, a white shirt with wide sleeves and narrow cuffs, black trousers, black raincoats, leather shoes with buckles and, of course, a hat or top hat are put on for the costume.
The folk costume is complemented by decorative details: magnificent embroideries on vests, aprons, jackets, bright belts and multi-colored trims along the edge of the hem of the skirt. This led to the fact that almost every region of the country was characterized by a variety of women's costumes.
Women's Norwegian national costume is also represented by two forms of cut (Fig. 7). In most of the country, it consists of a blouse and a skirt, only in the western regions are blouses worn with sundresses. This is the basis of the women's costume. In some areas, an apron, vest or jacket is added to it. Traditionally, costumes are made of woolen fabric. On cold days, scarves, capes, raincoats, multi-layered skirts are used. Men's suits also have bright colors, but they are not embroidered to the same extent as women's ones. In Norway, each specific area (fulke) presents its own distinctive national costume.
Although at the household level in our time a modern pan-European version of the urban costume is used, there is one folk tradition that the Norwegians have remained true to this day. The famous warm Norwegian sweaters knitted from thick yarn and decorated with national ornaments are especially popular here. They are very beautiful, reliable (warm in the coldest weather), take up little space. Products made of 100% wool are covered with special Nordic patterns: you can see deer and elk, snowflakes and frost, geometric patterns on them, which makes them recognizable all over the world.
Norway... An amazing northern country with beautiful nature, the cleanest ecology, the highest standard of living, with carefully preserved traditions. The Norwegians also consider their folk costume BUNAD to be a national treasure. It is worn on the National Day of Norway - May 17, for weddings, confirmations, christenings, folklore holidays, i.e. it has become almost universal.
True, the Norwegians themselves are still debating what is bunad and how does it differ from national costume.
Some claim that bunad is the common name for many national costumes that are worn in different regions of Norway, and, in addition, it is also the name of festive clothes reconstructed in the 20th century in the national style.
Other researchers believe that Bunad is a festive dress in the national style., which existed from time immemorial, which is worn on exceptionally solemn occasions. Binard, they argue, is different from "fake" folk costumes for ceremonial occasions, which were "designed" to imitate real folk costumes. Such "reconstructions" are often referred to as "Festive attire" - festdrakt / festdrakt / In bunad stores, they are sold exactly as festdrakt, and not as bunad.
And, finally, some folklorists believe that the bunad is different from the national costume, since under national costume should be understood everyday clothes, but bunad - festive clothing.
One can argue with each point of view, especially since the very word " bunad» came from the ancient northern búnaðr - "clothing for the home"- and gives each side the opportunity to argue that she is right. Everyone is right, however, that BUNAD And FESTDRAK T are stunningly beautiful and uniquely original, and Norwegians wear them with dignity!
WOMEN'S CLOTHING are:
Embroidered blouse, vest, jacket, skirt, petticoats.
Stockings (special, also sometimes embroidered!!!),
Purse with a silver lock
Shawl, mittens for winter.
Handmade jewelry made of silver or less often gold: special fasteners, buttons, brooches, which are called sølje, earrings, cufflinks (for women), earrings, rings, belts.
Special shoes.
The "find" of the last couple of years - special umbrellas for bunad made of wool, decorated with hand embroidery and a special silver nameplate on the handle!
MEN'S SUIT consists of trousers below the knee, a linen shirt, a thick vest with several rows of buttons and an outer jacket. Knee-length wool socks are also required. The men's suit is not as heavily embroidered as the women's, but often comes in very bright colors, red and yellow or black and red. Many wear a wide-brimmed hat or a bowler hat. Men's suits in modern Norway are now more and more in demand.
Almost every village and city has its own type of bunad. Everyone has their own “past” and their own “traditions”. Very often, a bunad from the same area can be made in different colors. Sometimes in one village there are several types of national costume.
NATIONAL COSTUMES OF NORWAY
Norwegian national costumes appeared about 100 years ago, when the spirit of national romanticism swept the country.
Their design is based on local folk costumes that were on the verge of extinction.
People suddenly had a desire to keep everything traditional, including period costumes. Rural peasant traditions, which were originally Norwegian, began to be valued. After all, it was in the villages that the culture of the national costume was most developed, and foreign fashion had a strong influence on the inhabitants of the cities.
The first national costumes (in Norwegian bunad - "bunad") are very similar to the most common folk costumes. If the knowledge of the old traditions was not enough, they drew inspiration from individual elements of the costume or from other regional elements, such as painting and woodcarving or embroidery.
There are hundreds of different "bunads": each valley or city has its own, with many variations and colors.
In recent years, interest in Norwegian national costumes has been constantly growing. This becomes especially evident during the celebration of the Norwegian Constitution Day on May 17, during which a real show takes place: Norwegians take to the streets in the traditional costumes of their native regions.
Bunad Parade 2008
Annual Stevne Bunad Parade. A "bunad" is a traditional Norwegian costume, typically of rural origin and are local to Norway's traditional geographic districts. Many districts have their own distinct costume, worn for special occasions and national holidays. Sigdal is one of the districts in Norway.
"Stevne" is the Norwegian term for a convention, meeting, or rally.
"Lag" is a Norwegian word that has many meanings, one of them being "a group of people". Besides Sigdalslag, there are 31 other lags which cover other geographic areas of Norway. A handy source of information about all 32 lags is the web site .
Natalia Budur: BUNAD, NATIONAL COSTUME AND FESTDRACT
If you are lucky and you get to Norway on May 17, get ready - an unforgettable sight awaits you: all the streets of cities and towns are colored with national flags, and real demonstrations of people in national costumes go through the streets. But the Norwegians themselves cannot agree on what a bunad is and how it differs from the national costume.
On different sites and in different articles in the press devoted to this topic, often directly opposite points of view are expressed.
In one place you can read that bunad is the common name for many national costumes worn in different regions of Norway, and, in addition, it is also the name of national-style festive clothes reconstructed in the 20th century.
Another historian will argue that the bunad is a festive dress in the national style that has existed for centuries, which is worn on exceptionally solemn occasions. It, the bunad, differs from the "fake" folk costumes for solemn occasions, which were "designed" in cases where the knowledge of the old traditions was not enough, and the designers drew inspiration from individual elements of the bunad or rose painting (rosemaling) and wood carving or embroidery . Such "reconstructions" are often called "holiday attire" - festdrakt. In bunad stores, they are sold exactly as festdrakt, and not as bunad. So, for example, the very beautiful festdract Silje, which was invented by Dagny Bertelsen, is known and very popular with buyers.
A third art historian will say that the bunad is different from the national costume, because the national costume should be understood as everyday clothes, and the bunad is festive clothes.
Each point of view can be argued, especially since the word "bunad" itself comes from the ancient northern búnaðr - "clothing for the home" - and gives each side the opportunity to assert that it is right.
Such disputes are hardly interesting to a foreigner, because both the bunad and the festdrakt are stunningly beautiful, and a person who sees them for the first time freezes in admiration for a long time, with his mouth slightly open.
In Norway, there are currently about 200 types of bunads (plus many more variations). A complete set of women's attire includes: a blouse, vest, jacket, skirt, stockings (special ones, sometimes embroidered too!!!), a handbag with a silver lock, a shawl, mittens for winter and handmade jewelry made of silver or less often gold - special clasps, buttons, brooches called sølje, earrings, cufflinks (for women), earrings, rings, belts and special shoes. The "find" of the last couple of years - special umbrellas for bunad made of wool, decorated with hand embroidery and a special silver nameplate on the handle!
The men's costume consists of a shirt, vest, jacket, trousers, stockings, a hat, clasps cast in silver, buckles, cufflinks, buttons and special "bunad" shoes.
Almost every village (not to mention the city!) has its own type of bunad. Everyone has their own “past” and their own “traditions”. Very often, a bunad from the same area can be made in different colors. Sometimes in one village there are several types of national costume.
Most of the national costumes have been preserved in a more or less original form, and only a small part was reconstructed at the beginning of the 20th century based on historical sources.
Interest in the national costume arose in Norway in the second half of the 19th century as one of the manifestations of national romanticism. The country aspired to independence and self-determination, longed to acquire national symbols. One of these symbols was the national costume. Many women from privileged and intelligent families began not only to wear bunads, but also became interested in their history.
Gradually, a kind of women's movement arose, which first studied the history of national dances, and then began to study the national costume. This "movement" was led by Hulda Garborg (1862-1934), the wife of the famous writer Arne Garborg, and Clara Semb (1884-1970). They were the first who noticed that the costume should not only be beautiful and look like a real national one, but should be truly historical - while taking into account the color and quality of the fabric, embroidery pattern, types of jewelry and buttons. It was not so difficult to restore the bunads in their original form - because, fortunately, in Norway at that time there were wonderful “improvised” materials in the form of watercolors by Johan F.L. Dreyer and lithographs by Johan H. Senns from the early 19th century, which depicted ancient national costumes.
In 1947, a special "Council for Bunads and National Costumes of Norway" was founded (originally called "Landsnemda for Bunadspørsmål", now called "Bunad- og folkedraktrådet").
Bunad researchers can submit their reconstructions of ancient national costumes to the Council and subsequently begin their “production”, but at the same time they must meet the following requirements:
The researcher must submit historical documents (copies) on which he relied in his reconstruction, as well as the costume itself or its individual parts of the time specified in the application;
Clothing that will be reconstructed and then put into production must strictly comply with its historical parameters during production - for example, the type of fabric, style, decorations;
In addition to clothing, the Council is also required to provide art materials available to the researcher - for example, old watercolors or engravings;
When starting the production of a new bunad, the kit must certainly include all parts of the old costume, from clothes to shoes and jewelry;
Bunad must be made in the same way as before - that is. Threads, embroidery method, types of seams, etc. should be taken into account. For example, if a bunad of the 18th century is reproduced, then it must be sewn by hand;
Bunad should be produced in different versions, as it was in the good old days, and not turn into a uniform for all occasions.
Only when all requirements are met and the researcher sends to the Council a modern version of the bunad, for which he intends to obtain a license, can he begin to reproduce it and sell it in special stores.
