How everything happens in the hospital. How does childbirth take place in the hospital? Preparation procedures on the day of childbirth

So, the most important day in the past nine months is approaching - the long-awaited meeting with the baby. On this long and interesting journey, there were many changes, examinations and analyzes. Echography is a standard necessity for girls in position.

Many are worried about the question of whether an ultrasound scan is done before childbirth in a maternity hospital? Let's figure out what you need to know about this procedure, when and for what purpose an ultrasound scan is done.

An ultrasound method or echography is a study of organs using ultrasound waves. Expectant mothers ask many questions about harm. Doctors say:

This technique does not have a teratogenic effect, it cannot lead to a violation.

According to the medical protocol, ultrasound can be done in 3 situations. At an early stage (to confirm the attachment of the ovum). He is not always welcomed, however there are a number of indications. Such as:

• Bloody issues.
• The need to confirm pregnancy.
• If there is a history of a diagnosis that prevents normal fertilization.
• After artificial insemination.

It is important that early research in this way should be carried out by a specialist who understands specifically early diagnosis. Therefore, the question arises whether there are norms when it is worth carrying out an echography. Of course yes.

Consider the timing and goals of the survey:

1. In the first trimester - in order to exclude anomalies and complex pathologies.
2. At the onset of 20-21 weeks, the growth of all organs is considered, their size corresponds to the term. Particular attention is paid to the two most important systems of the body: the central nervous and cardiovascular.
3. Geneticists also insist on visiting a doctor at the 4th month to make sure that there are no gross malformations in development.
4. Perhaps the most important visit to a gynecologist is at week 32.

What does the final ultrasound show?

It acquires the most important information about both the woman in labor and the baby. Determine the volume and weight of the fetus, if rapid growth occurs, then this is an indication to stimulate contractions.

Precise presentation, exclude, possibly not previously noticed, delays in formation, dopplerography is performed, and an approximate date of birth is also assigned. There is a detailed assessment of the state of the placenta, the degree of its maturity, the readiness of the fetus to be born. Often, at this stage, the mode of delivery is decided.

It is important for the control procedure to study the thickness and position of the placenta. Distance from her to the cervix.

Many moms want to know if it is possible to determine the imminent contractions. Yes, the doctor will be able to detect a drooping head or an ejection. Patients expecting twins or triplets must also be prescribed a fourth ultrasound diagnosis, since multiple pregnancies are often an indication for cesarean.

In contractions: is it harmful or not?

It is impossible to answer such a question with unequivocal certainty. We can say that an ultrasound scan in a maternity hospital, when labor is open, is not shown by the protocol and is optional. It can be classified as unscheduled, occurring in such situations:

• If at 32 weeks controversial points were discovered and the woman was put on preservation, then an ultrasound scan in the hospital will most likely be prescribed right at the onset of contractions.
• With an abnormal location of the embryo or twins. If there are two fetuses in the womb, then one has a cephalic presentation, and the second has a breech presentation. This is not an axiom, but a frequent occurrence. And in order to decide on a possible caesarean section, an ultrasound examination is really done before childbirth.
• Excessive activity of the baby. Perhaps this is a consequence of a lack of oxygen.
• To control the conformity of the birth canal of the mother to the size of the child.

Repeated ultrasound in the maternity hospital is carried out on the same machine and by one specialist, for accuracy. It is not worth resorting to this method "at will" for reinsurance. After all, a lot of results blur the true picture, confusing doctors and leading to wrong decisions.

How to Prepare?

If you are attending an appointment for the first time, or already for the second time, you need to take steps to better understand the true picture. What do you need to know?

1. Take a clean towel or diaper with you. It sits on the couch and then helps you remove a special gel from your body.
2. Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing. To avoid unnecessary actions at the reception.
3. To take a shower.
4. If you are walking for the first time, you may need to fill your bladder, which will help to accurately examine the condition of the uterus and clarify the consequences of a successful conception. To do this, drink up to 500 ml of clean water without gas in 20-30 minutes. It is good if you schedule the time and arrive at the medical facility one hour before your appointment.
5. On the eve, it is better not to include foods that cause fermentation and excessive gas formation in the daily diet. It is useful to eliminate them, if possible, in two days.
6. Do not forget to take a photo of the long-awaited miracle as a souvenir. After all, this is the most visual of all the studies that lie ahead for you. By the way, medicine and technology have made such a breakthrough that now it is possible to create a 3-D photograph. If earlier the image consisted of lines and dots, now it is a full-fledged and three-dimensional view. In the last stages, you can even see the features of the future newborn. This, from a medical point of view, is no better, but it allows parents to look at the appearance of the baby.

Outcome

Is an ultrasound scan done before childbirth in a maternity hospital? Yes, if necessary. This type of diagnosis is recognized as the safest and most informative method for examining the embryo.

Women are examined during pregnancy, prescribing planned procedures, and only in case of serious deviations, an ultrasound scan is done in the maternity hospital before childbirth. This is due to pathologies and problems of bearing

Routine and unscheduled diagnostics

Abnormalities in the development of the fetus can manifest themselves at any stage of pregnancy. Therefore, a woman is prescribed scheduled ultrasound examinations in each of the trimesters in order to determine the pathology in time.

When is the last ultrasound done before childbirth? According to the plan, the woman undergoes ultrasound at 12, 23 and 32-34 weeks. The last examination is given special attention, since there is very little time left before delivery.

Doctors need to know how well the pregnancy is progressing. This helps to avoid complications during childbirth. But in some cases, a woman has to make unscheduled ultrasound visits.

When unscheduled examinations are prescribed:

1. pain symptoms in the lower abdomen;
2. discharge from the vagina with blood impurities;
3. improper fixation of the placenta;
4. the size of the fetus does not correspond to the duration of pregnancy;
5. the threat of miscarriage or premature birth.

Additional ultrasound diagnostics are prescribed between scheduled screenings and immediately before childbirth. If pregnancy develops according to all the rules, then you do not need to do ultrasound just before childbirth, obstetricians will be quite satisfied with the last scheduled examination. But women who are under the supervision of doctors in a hospital are examined unscheduled until the pathology is eliminated.

Ultrasound in the maternity hospital

An ultrasound examination, prescribed in the third trimester, is performed to determine the condition of the fetus and its presentation. Diagnostics reveals how well the placenta functions and at what distance it is from the cervix. The third examination determines whether the baby is born naturally or by surgical extraction.

Preparing for the process early will make childbirth safe. Especially with operable intervention - the planned cesarean section will pass without complications.

Is it worth doing an ultrasound scan before childbirth? Yes, if there was no third study or the woman did not complete all the examinations, the diagnosis is carried out immediately before childbirth. When the pregnancy is proceeding normally, upon arrival at the hospital, the doctor looks at how long the last ultrasound was.

Parameters determined by the last ultrasound:

• how ready the placenta is for delivery;
• in what position is the child in the uterus;
• fetal anatomy is assessed;
• maturity of the respiratory system and physical activity are diagnosed;
• it is determined whether there are any pathologies in development.

A planned third ultrasound examination is more likely to show the timing of the baby's birth. There is no special preparation for an ultrasound scan before childbirth. For diagnostics, the transabdominal method is used, as in the last ultrasound. The accumulated gases interfere with manipulation, so the pregnant woman will have to remove foods that provoke flatulence from the diet in a day.

Additional procedure

Most women carry a baby at home and go to the maternity hospital when labor starts. But with the threat of miscarriage or detection of abnormalities in the development of the fetus, the patient is placed in the pathology department.

Is ultrasound done in the hospital before childbirth? If the pregnancy passes without problems, then an additional ultrasound examination is not required - the results of the last planned are sufficient. When the condition is unstable, there are suspicions of pathology, ultrasound in the hospital should be given immediately before the baby is born.

Women who have been saved are obliged to be aware of the degree of risk, not to refuse repeated ultrasound. Since the last planned procedure is carried out a month before childbirth, developmental deviations occur during this period: a change in the presentation of the fetus, entanglement with the umbilical cord, a change in the amount of water.

An indication for additional ultrasound is the activity of the future baby - too high or too low. The reason for the behavior is a lack of amniotic fluid or a lack of oxygen. This situation will lead to complications, and an unscheduled ultrasound scan during childbirth will help to avoid negative consequences.

Women should not give up ultrasound in the hospital. The examination is required to monitor the dynamics of the development of pregnancy and determine the tactics of obstetricians during childbirth. The procedure prevents consequences during preparation for a caesarean section, if there is a need for surgery.

A couple of decades ago, an enema before childbirth was a mandatory procedure, without which pregnant women were not taken to the maternity ward. Now doctors are not so categorical, and there are disputes in medical circles, is it really necessary to artificially cleanse the intestines from feces, or is this procedure only harmful to a woman? Why do you need to do an enema before the birth of a child, how do you cleanse the intestines and can you refuse it?

Why is an enema given before childbirth?

During the attempts, the woman in labor strains the abdominal muscles and the pelvic floor - the same as during bowel movements. Together with the advancement of the child, the movement of feces occurs, which go out.

If a woman gives birth in a maternity hospital, then a special tray is always installed under her, where blood and other secretions drain. Medical workers are ready for this phenomenon, but they still give an enema before giving birth.

Why do you need to artificially empty the intestines:

• Eliminate constipation. At the end of the 3rd trimester, and especially before childbirth, many women suffer from the inability to go to the toilet. This is due to the pressure of the uterus on the internal organs, and the expectant mother herself is afraid of pushing hard so that premature birth does not occur. When the baby passes through the birth canal, solid masses of feces will press on the head and create an additional obstacle.
• Stimulation of uterine contractions. Enema stimulates the work of intestinal smooth muscles, due to this, the feces are pushed out. Additionally, the uterus is affected, its tone increases, which contributes to the birth process. This procedure sometimes helps women with poor labor.
• Hygiene and psychological comfort. For some women, the risk of defecating on the delivery table in the face of a midwife and gynecologist is a serious psychological barrier. Instead of pushing, the woman in labor is pinched and hinders the passage of the baby. Of course, the medical staff is calm about natural secretions, but for the psychological comfort of the woman in labor, she can be given an enema.

Another reason why a bowel movement is necessary is that it hurts for a mother to go to the toilet for a few days after delivery. Ruptures, injuries cause serious discomfort, therefore, at least a day after giving birth, it is advisable for a woman in labor to refrain from defecation.

How is it done in the hospital?

For enemas in maternity hospitals, an Esmarch mug is used - a plastic or silicone reservoir with a capacity of 2 liters with a flexible rubber tube. It is usually placed in a sanitary room. An enema before childbirth is done when the contractions have just begun. How the procedure is carried out can be seen in the video.

Stages of the procedure:

1. The nurse fills the tank with clean, boiled water. For washing, a liquid with a temperature not higher than 37 ° C is used. According to the doctor's indications, a decoction of medicinal herbs, such as chamomile, can be used, but water is most often used.
2. The pregnant woman lies on her side and draws her legs. If this position is uncomfortable, she can kneel down.
3. The healthcare professional sets the reservoir at a height of about 1 meter so that water can more easily penetrate inside. Then the air is released. When water appears, the hose is pinched.

1. A sterile disposable tip is put on the end of the hose. It is smeared with petroleum jelly or other lubricant and gently inserted into the anus.
2. The healthcare professional begins to flush the water. Do this by removing the clamp from the hose. If the water pressure is too strong, the reservoir is outweighed lower, reducing the pressure.
3. The procedure itself can be frustrating. Almost immediately, the woman will feel full bowel movements and distension. She needs to calm down, breathe deeply and evenly, she is allowed to stroke her stomach a little.
4. When all the fluid has been injected into the intestines, a urge to bowel may appear. You should wait 10 minutes holding the water, then the nurse will take the woman to the toilet. After one act of defecation, the intestines are not considered completely cleansed, you need to wait a little more. If necessary, if feces continue to come out of the intestines, and not water, a second enema is done.
5. After the procedure, the obstetrician-gynecologist examines the woman. He must check in what position the fetus is, how much the cervix has opened.

Can I do the procedure myself at home?

Some maternity hospitals refuse to give an enema without strict indications for the procedure. In this case, if a woman in labor thinks that she will feel better with a cleansed intestine, she can give herself an enema, after consulting a gynecologist.

To make yourself an enema correctly at home, you need to purchase an Esmarch mug (sold at the pharmacy). It must be boiled before use. You should not inject yourself with decoctions of herbs without indications, as the recipes of traditional medicine advise. It is best to use clean, warm water. On the place where the woman lies, it is necessary to lay an oilcloth - during the procedure, water may leak or feces may go too early.

The procedure is the same as in the hospital. It is difficult to give yourself an enema on your own, so it is best to seek help from a loved one, whom the woman is not shy about.

You can not give an enema when the contractions last 60 seconds and are recorded every 5 minutes. You can cleanse the intestines if each contraction lasts less than 30 seconds and the intervals between them exceed 7-8 minutes. In this case, there is still enough time before childbirth.

Why is not an enema given in all maternity hospitals?

Several decades ago, in our country, an enema was considered a mandatory procedure before delivery. All women in labor, with the exception of those for whom it is strictly contraindicated, were cleansed of the intestines from feces.

Today, obstetricians in the USA and European countries believe that artificial bowel cleansing is not necessary and even harmful for a woman in labor. Under natural conditions, such a mechanism is not provided.

On the territory of the post-Soviet space, the situation is not so clear-cut. Some government maternity hospitals continue to use an enema as a mandatory prenatal preparation procedure. At the same time, maternity hospitals working on advanced European technologies have ceased to do such hygienic procedures.

Some doctors may give an enema at the request of the woman. In other institutions, they are strict about this and will not do the procedure at the request of the woman in labor - it is placed only for medical reasons. If this moment is important for a woman, she needs to clarify in advance what protocol the maternity hospital uses and choose the one that suits her best.

To put an enema or not?

So far, in our country, there is no unequivocal answer to the question of whether it is necessary to cleanse the intestines before childbirth. Obstetricians-gynecologists argue among themselves and do not come to a common conclusion. Making it difficult to make a unanimous decision is that enemas have a number of undeniable advantages, but there are also disadvantages.

The advantages of the procedure have already been discussed above:

• hygiene;
• psychological comfort of a woman;
• release of the intestines from pressing feces;
• no need to go to the toilet after a traumatic birth;
• acceleration of the generic process.

Cons of an enema:

• Medical research has shown that the procedure has practically no effect on labor. The opinion that the contraction of the abdominal muscles and the movement of fluid through the intestines stimulates the contraction of the uterus and intensifies the attempts, turned out to be mistaken. Of course, the enema has an effect on the uterine muscles, but it is not enough to speed up labor.
• Bowel lavage is not enough, because fecal particles will still be excreted during pushing. No matter how much a woman wants to cleanse herself so as not to get dirty during childbirth, this will not work. Instead of thick stool, liquid splashes will come out after an enema. Many obstetricians say that it is much easier to maintain cleanliness and remove faeces that have not been diluted with water.
• During natural childbirth, additional cleansing is not required. Contractions of the uterus already affect the intestines, forcing the woman to defecate several times. When she is on the delivery table, very little feces remain inside her. Even if a bowel movement occurs during childbirth, there is no need to worry, this happens much earlier than the head has time to appear, and the staff has time to clean everything.

To put an enema or not - while women in labor have the opportunity to contact the maternity hospital that supports the procedure or has already refused it. At the same time, supporters of bowel cleansing should take into account that the procedure will not be carried out if the woman in labor enters during the period of active contractions.

Increasingly, women deliberately give preference to childbirth in the maternity hospital, rather than in hospitals.

Many different advantages of a maternity hospital attract women in labor, since a woman has the opportunity to give birth in a more relaxed atmosphere for her. In the maternity hospital, the special attention to the healthy nutrition of a woman is surprising, which contributes to a quick rehabilitation.

Also, the person of maternity hospitals is often open to various homeopathic remedies, which are preferred by expectant mothers, this creates not only an emotionally pleasant atmosphere, but also the opportunity to avoid the use of chemicals, which are completely replaced by homeopathic ones.

Of course, in case of complications, a woman prefers a clinic where there are various high-tech means for childbirth.

It is the home environment that they try to maintain in maternity hospitals that attracts women, and also a woman is more involved (psychologically) in the process of having a child than in a clinic.

In many European clinics, it is excellent to count the delivery rooms and operating rooms, in case of complications during childbirth.

When planning childbirth, do not ignore possible problems associated with the process of childbirth, but also do not dwell on them - this can affect your psyche and mood. Often, possible complications are identified during pregnancy.

Childbirth - for most women, this is a natural process, therefore it is very important that they take place in an atmosphere favorable to the mother.

Natural childbirth in the hospital

The advantage of giving birth in a maternity hospital is the possibility of choosing from the first months of pregnancy to follow up with a midwife who will take delivery. This has a very positive effect on women, as they trust the obstetrician who takes care of childbirth, and, accordingly, are more relaxed about the process of childbirth. Also, expectant mothers have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with all the devices in the delivery room (gymnastic balls, birthing chair, beds, etc.).

Childbirth in a maternity hospital can be equated with a home birth, because the care and atmosphere contribute to a calmer position of a woman.

The presence of the child's father or other persons is encouraged in maternity hospitals.

The woman is under the constant supervision of a midwife, who monitors all stages of childbirth, and, if necessary, will be able to provide assistance to the woman in labor.

After giving birth, the woman is sent to the ward, where she is under the supervision of a midwife or doctor for 4 days; for a cesarean section, this period is 7 days. Other persons are allowed to be accommodated in the postnatal ward with a woman.

In some maternity hospitals there is a practice of sending a woman home the day after giving birth, but under the supervision of a midwife or doctor.

If a woman has complications, she is advised to give birth in a hospital.

Cases in which a woman needs to be taken to the clinic:

• too narrow a pelvis (requires a cesarean section);
• very painful contractions;
• unnatural placement of the fetus;
• weak labor activity or its abandonment;
• hypoxia of the child;

Also, after childbirth, complications may arise that require sending to the clinic:

• severe postpartum bleeding;
• delayed exit of the placenta;
• birth trauma for the child;

Childbirth at the clinic

Today, clinics are equipped with high-tech equipment that can ensure a safe delivery, even if a woman has possible complications.

The clinic also creates an atmosphere for a more relaxed childbirth, various adaptations are allowed within reason.

The presence of the child's father or other persons at the request of the woman has already become a habit for the clinic staff.

Also, if anesthesia is needed, the clinic can provide epithelial or complete anesthesia.

The disadvantage of the clinic (according to women) is a changeable person, as a rule, childbirth lasts differently, for some this process takes more than 16 hours so that a change of staff is inevitable.

The ability to provide emergency assistance in critical situations is an advantage of the clinics.

Choosing a maternity hospital

When choosing a maternity hospital, many women prefer its close location, directly from the woman's place of residence. This will allow you to quickly get to the selected hospital or maternity hospital.

Try to visit the clinic where you want to give birth and form your own opinion about it. Check out all the benefits and talk to the staff about your special needs (if any) in advance.

Going to the hospital, a mother-to-be who is expecting her first baby usually experiences excitement. A lot of incomprehensible procedures that await a woman in the hospital, like everything else unknown, causes some concern. To dispel it, let's try to figure out what and why the medical staff will do at each stage of childbirth.

Childbirth in the hospital. Where will you be directed?

So, you have started regular contractions or amniotic fluid began to depart, in other words, labor has begun. What to do? If at this time you are in the hospital in the department of pregnancy pathology, then you need to immediately inform the nurse on duty, and she, in turn, will call a doctor. The duty obstetrician-gynecologist will examine and decide whether you really have begun labor, and if so, he will transfer to the maternity ward, but before that, they will do a cleansing enema (an enema is not done in case of bleeding from the genital tract, with full or close to it opening of the cervix, etc.).

In the event that labor begins outside the hospital, you need to seek help from the hospital.

When hospitalized in a maternity hospital, a woman passes through an admission and access block, which includes: a reception (lobby), a filter, examination rooms (separately for healthy and sick patients) and rooms for sanitization.

A pregnant woman or a woman in labor, entering the waiting room, takes off her outerwear and goes into the filter, where the doctor on duty decides which department she should be sent to. To do this, he collects a detailed anamnesis (asks about health, about the course of this pregnancy) in order to clarify the diagnosis, trying to find out the presence of infectious and other diseases, gets acquainted with the data, conducts an external examination (reveals the presence of pustules on the skin and various kinds of rashes, examines the pharynx) , the midwife measures the temperature.

Patients with an exchange card and no signs of infection are admitted to the physiological department. Pregnant women and women in childbirth who pose a threat of infection to healthy women (without an exchange card, who have certain infectious diseases - acute respiratory infections, pustular skin diseases, etc.) are sent to the observational department specially designed for these purposes. Thanks to this, the possibility of infection in healthy women is excluded.

A woman can be admitted to the pathology department in the case when the onset of labor is not confirmed using objective research methods. In doubtful cases, a woman is admitted to the maternity ward. If, during the observation, labor does not develop, then the pregnant woman after a few hours can also be transferred to the pathology department.

In the examination room

After it has been established to which department the pregnant or parturient woman is sent, she is transferred to the appropriate examination room. Here, the doctor, together with the midwife, conducts a general and special examination: weighs the patient, measures the size of the pelvis, the circumference of the abdomen, the height of the fundus of the uterus above the bosom, the position and presentation of the fetus (head or pelvic), listens to its heartbeat, examines the woman for edema, measures the arterial pressure. In addition, the doctor on duty performs a vaginal examination to clarify the obstetric situation, after which he determines whether there is labor, and if so, what kind of character it has. All survey data are recorded in the birth history, which is started here. As a result of the examination, the doctor makes a diagnosis, writes out the necessary tests and appointments.

After the examination, sanitization is carried out: shaving of the external genital organs, an enema, a shower. The scope of examinations and sanitization in the examination room depends on the general condition of the woman, the presence of labor and the period of labor. At the end of the sanitization, the woman is given a sterile shirt and a dressing gown. If childbirth has already begun (in this case, the woman is called a parturient woman), the patient is transferred to the prenatal ward of the birth block, where she spends the entire first period of labor until the onset of attempts, or to a separate birth box (if equipped with such a hospital). A pregnant woman who is still awaiting childbirth is sent to the department of pregnancy pathology.

What is CTG for childbirth?
Cardiotocography is of great help in assessing the condition of the fetus and the nature of labor. A cardiac monitor is a device that records the fetal heartbeat, and also makes it possible to track the frequency and strength of contractions. A sensor is attached to a woman's abdomen, which allows you to record the fetal heartbeat on a paper tape. During the examination, the woman is usually asked to lie on her side, because in a standing position or while walking, the sensor is constantly displaced from the place where fetal heartbeats can be recorded. The use of cardiac monitoring allows timely detection of fetal hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and abnormalities of labor, assessing the effectiveness of their treatment, predicting the outcome of childbirth and choosing the optimal method of delivery.

In the rodblock

The birth block consists of prenatal wards (one or more), birth wards (delivery rooms), intensive observation wards (for monitoring and treating pregnant women and women in labor with the most severe forms of pregnancy complications), a manipulation room for newborns, an operating block and a number of auxiliary rooms.

In the prenatal ward (or maternity ward), they clarify the details of the course of pregnancy, past pregnancies, childbirth, conduct an additional examination of the woman in labor (physique, constitution, abdominal shape, etc.) and a detailed obstetric examination. Be sure to take an analysis for the blood group, Rh factor, AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis, make a study of urine and blood. The condition of the woman in labor is closely monitored by the doctor and midwife: they inquire about her health (degree of pain, fatigue, dizziness, headache, visual disturbances, etc.), regularly listen to the fetal heartbeat, monitor labor activity (duration of contractions, the interval between them, strength and soreness), periodically (every 4 hours, and if necessary - more often) blood pressure and pulse of the woman in labor are measured. Body temperature is measured 2-3 times a day.

In the process of monitoring the birth process, there is a need for a vaginal examination. During this study, the doctor uses his fingers to determine the degree of opening of the cervix, the dynamics of the fetal movement along the birth canal. Sometimes in the maternity ward during a vaginal examination, a woman is offered to lie on a gynecological chair, but more often the study is carried out when the woman in labor is lying on the bed.

Vaginal examination during childbirth is necessarily carried out: upon admission to the hospital, immediately after the discharge of amniotic fluid, and also every 4 hours during childbirth. In addition, there may be a need for additional vaginal examinations, for example, when carrying out anesthesia, deviating from the normal course of labor or the appearance of spotting from the birth canal (you should not be afraid of frequent vaginal examinations - it is much more important to provide full orientation in assessing the correctness of the course of labor). In each of these cases, the indications for conducting and the manipulation itself are recorded in the birth history. In the same way, in the history of childbirth, all studies and actions carried out with a woman in labor during childbirth are recorded (injections, measurement of blood pressure, pulse, fetal heart rate, etc.).

During childbirth, it is important to monitor the functioning of the bladder and intestines. Overflow of the bladder and rectum interferes with the normal course of labor. To prevent overflow of the bladder, women in labor are asked to urinate every 2-3 hours. In the absence of independent urination, they resort to catheterization - the introduction into the urethra of a thin plastic tube through which urine flows.

In the prenatal ward (or individual maternity ward), the woman in labor spends the entire first stage of labor under the constant supervision of medical personnel. Many maternity hospitals allow the husband to be present during childbirth. With the onset of the laboring period, or the period of exile, the woman in labor is transferred to the birth ward. Here they change her shirt, kerchief (or disposable hat), shoe covers and put her on Rakhmanov's bed - a special obstetric chair. Such a bed is equipped with footrests, special handles that need to be pulled towards you during attempts, adjusting the position of the head end of the bed and some other devices. If childbirth takes place in an individual box, then the woman is transferred from an ordinary bed to Rakhmanov's bed, or, if the bed on which the woman lay during contractions is functional, she is transformed into Rakhmanov's bed.

Normal childbirth in uncomplicated pregnancy is taken by a midwife (under the supervision of a doctor), and all abnormal childbirth, including childbirth with a fetus, is taken by a doctor. Such operations as caesarean section, the application of obstetric forceps, vacuum extraction of the fetus, examination of the uterine cavity, suturing of the soft tissue tears of the birth canal, etc., is carried out only by a doctor.