Folk holidays after the revolution. Forgotten Holidays

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Why do we have the October Revolution in November, Christmas is not with everyone, and there is a strange holiday under the no less strange name "Old New Year"? And what happened in Russia from February 1 to February 14, 1918? Nothing. Because this time did not exist in Russia - neither the first of February, nor the second, nor further until the fourteenth that year did not happen. According to the "Decree on the introduction of the Western European calendar in the Russian Republic."

The decree was signed by Comrade Lenin and adopted, as indicated in the document, "in order to establish in Russia the same reckoning of time with almost all cultural peoples."

Of course, the decision was political. But the painful ones, of course, too. As they say, they combined one with the other, or, again, as the great Gorin wrote: "First, there were celebrations, then arrests, then they decided to combine." The Bolsheviks did not like church celebrations, they were already fed up with arrests, and just then an idea came up. Not fresh.

In 1582, the inhabitants of the glorious city of Rome went to bed on the fourth of October, and woke up the next day, but that day was already the fifteenth. The difference of 10 days accumulated over the years and was corrected by the decision of Pope Gregory XIII. Of course, after lengthy meetings and negotiations. The reform was carried out on the basis of the project of the Italian doctor, astronomer and mathematician Luigi Lillio. By the middle of the 20th century, the Gregorian calendar was used by almost the entire world.

The Russian Orthodox Church resolutely condemned the reform of 1582, noting that the Roman Church loves "innovations" too much and therefore completely "recklessly" follows the lead of astronomers. And in general - "the Gregorian calendar is far from perfect."

Astronomers, meanwhile, were not silent and, finding the support of some Russian scientists, already in the 30s of the XIX century, on behalf of the commission created on the calendar issue at the Academy of Sciences, spoke in favor of the Gregorian calendar. Nicholas I listened to the report of the Minister of Education, Prince Lieven, with interest and ... agreed with the prince that the calendar reform in the country, as His Majesty noted, "is not desirable."

The next calendar commission met in October 1905. The timing was more than unfortunate. It is clear that Nicholas II calls the reform "undesirable" and rather harshly hints to the members of the commission that it would be necessary to treat the issue "very carefully", bearing in mind the political situation in the country.

The situation, meanwhile, was heating up, and as a result, something happened that is now known to everyone as the October Revolution. In November 1917, at a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, it was decided to replace the "obscurantist Black Hundred" calendar with a "progressive" one.

Contradictions with Orthodox holidays are not embarrassing. On the contrary, the "old-regime" Frosts and Christmas trees must leave the new country. At matinees and receptions, poetry by the poet Valentin Goryansky is read:

Christmas is coming soon

Ugly bourgeois holiday,

Linked from time immemorial

With him is an ugly custom:

The capitalist will come to the forest

Sluggish, faithful to prejudice,

He will cut down the Christmas tree with an ax,

Letting go of a cruel joke ...

Goryansky, joking. He is a poet-satirist. It is not that he does not like the revolution, he is in a deep depression. Runs to Odessa, then emigrates. But the poems about the bourgeois holiday have already been published. Raised like a banner, and no jokes at all. The release of New Year's cards is stopped, and the people of the new country are ordered to work hard, and if they celebrate, then new dates ...

Confusion comes out with dates. After the transition to the "new style", it turns out that the revolution is in November, the New Year becomes old, in the sense of the old style, and moves to after Christmas, and Christmas, in turn, turns out to be January 7th. Dates appear in parentheses in reference books. First the old style, then the new one in brackets.

But the most interesting thing is that passions do not subside. The next round happens already in our, new time. Sergey Baburin, Viktor Alksnis, Irina Savelyeva and Alexander Fomenko are introducing a new bill to the State Duma in 2007 - on the transition of Russia from January 1, 2008 to the Julian calendar. In the explanatory note, the deputies note that “there is no world calendar” and propose to establish a transitional period from December 31, 2007, when chronology will be calculated simultaneously on two calendars within 13 days. Only four deputies can vote. Three are against, one is for. There were no abstentions. The rest of the elected officials ignore the vote.

So we live so far. On a broad Russian foot and with an open Russian soul, celebrating Catholic Christmas before the New Year, then New Year, then Orthodox Christmas, the old New Year and ... then everywhere. Already regardless of the dates. And on the faces. By the way, in February the New Year according to the Eastern calendar. And we have a document, if anything - the 1918 decree "on the introduction of the Western European calendar in the Russian Republic."

Anna Trefilova

For a long time it was considered a holiday. It was celebrated on November 7th. According to the old style, a significant event took place on October 25, but first things first.

The uprising that brought the weekend

The Great October Socialist Revolution took place on October 25, 1917. On the night of October 26, the Bolsheviks seized power. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin led the grandiose uprising. After this event, for many years, November 7 - the day of the October Revolution - was considered a national holiday. The government decided to give citizens not one, but two whole days off. We rested not only on the seventh, but also on the eighth of November. If before or after these two days there was a weekend, then people officially rested for 3-4 days. Everyone liked it.

Indeed, in those days there were no such long New Year holidays for adults, so everyone was waiting for the days of the October Revolution to get enough sleep and not go to work at this time. However, not everyone was able to indulge in sleep on November 7, as demonstrations were held on that day. Early in the morning, workers came to their places of service, took banners, huge paper flowers and walked on. It was the seventh of November.

How the holiday was celebrated in the USSR

The day of the October Revolution passed merrily. Jokes and laughter were heard in the ranks of the demonstrators. This was facilitated not only but also by strong drinks. Although it was strictly forbidden, some managed to fight off a small group for a while from the column in order to drink some alcohol. Of course, this happened long before they came to Red Square, and it was mainly men who sinned by such behavior, and even then not all.

They drank not only at the demonstration, but also at home. After all, the day of the October Revolution was considered a great holiday. Of course, this is not the New Year, but the scope of the celebration was amazing. The hostesses made many delicious dishes, including herring under a fur coat, Olivier. For the significant event, the enterprises gave holiday orders. The sets consisted of smoked sausage, ham, sweets, red caviar. In those days, these products were in short supply, so the day of the October Revolution is also an opportunity to eat deliciously.

This autumn weekend, people went to visit each other, festive toasts were sounded. This is how the day of the October Year gave the Soviet people the opportunity to rest and celebrate.

7 november today

In recent years, the celebration has been forgotten. Now they celebrate November 4-5 This was done, among other things, so that people would not express dissatisfaction with the disappeared holiday. And not for ideological reasons, but because hardly anyone will refuse an extra weekend. Now there are even more of them. Indeed, in addition to rest in early November, there is an opportunity not to go to work for several days in the first half of January.

Not everyone stopped celebrating the Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Representatives of the CPSU still honor each other and political leaders of the Soviet era. The communists are organizing demonstrations, but now they are no longer on Red Square. Festive events must first be coordinated with the government, and after approval, go out into the street with banners. On November 7, you can see with the written slogans not only of the communists, the opposition also activates on this day. However, the processions are for the most part peaceful and without global excesses.

Since by this time the difference between the old and the new styles was 13 days, the decree ordered after January 31, 1918 to count not February 1, but February 14. By the same decree, it was prescribed until July 1, 1918, after the number of each day according to the new style, to write the number according to the old style in brackets: February 14 (1), February 15 (2), etc.

From the history of chronology in Russia.

The ancient Slavs, like many other peoples, originally based their calendar on the period of changing lunar phases. But already by the time of the adoption of Christianity, that is, by the end of the 10th century. n. e., Ancient Russia used a lunisolar calendar.

Calendar of the ancient Slavs. It was not finally possible to establish what the calendar of the ancient Slavs was. It is only known that initially the counting of time was carried out by seasons. The 12-month lunar calendar was probably used at the same time. In later times, the Slavs switched to a lunisolar calendar, in which an additional 13th month was inserted seven times every 19 years.

The oldest monuments of Russian writing show that the months had purely Slavic names, the origin of which was closely associated with natural phenomena. At the same time, the same months, depending on the climate of those places in which different tribes lived, received different names. So, January was called where is the section (the time of the felling of the forest), where the prosinets (after the winter cloudiness a blue sky appeared), where the jelly (as it became cold and cold), etc .; February - slash, snow or fierce (severe frosts); March - birch (there are several interpretations here: birch begins to bloom; they took juice from birch trees; burned birch on coal), dry (the poorest in precipitation in ancient Kievan Rus, in some places the earth has already dried up, juice (reminder of birch sap); April - pollen (flowering gardens), birch (the beginning of flowering of birch), oak, kviten, etc.; May - grass (grass turns green), summer, bloom; June - worm (cherries turn red), izok (grasshoppers chirp - "isoki "), Milky; July - lipets (linden blossom), worm (in the north, where phenological phenomena are lagging), serpen (from the word" sickle "indicating the harvest time); August - sickle, stubble, glow (from the verb" to roar "- the roar of deer, or from the word" glow "- cold dawns, and possibly from" pazorey "- aurora borealis); September - Veresen (heather bloom); Ruen (from the Slavic root of the word meaning a tree that gives yellow paint); October - leaf fall, "pazdernik" or "castry plant" (pazders are hemp boons, the name for the south of Russia); November - breast (from the word "pile" - frozen track on the road), leaf fall (in the south of Russia); December - jelly, breast, brownish.

The year began on March 1, and from about that time, agricultural work began.

Many ancient names of months later passed into a number of Slavic languages and to a large extent remained in some modern languages, in particular in Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish.

At the end of the X century. Ancient Russia adopted Christianity. At the same time, the chronology used by the Romans passed to us - the Julian calendar (based on the solar year), with the Roman names of the months and a seven-day week. The years were counted in it from the "creation of the world", which supposedly took place 5508 years before our chronology. This date - one of the many variants of the eras from the "creation of the world" - was adopted in the 7th century. in Greece and. for a long time it was used by the Orthodox Church.

For many centuries, the beginning of the year was considered March 1, but in 1492, in accordance with church tradition, the beginning of the year was officially postponed to September 1 and was celebrated in this way for more than two hundred years. However, a few months after September 1, 7208, Muscovites celebrated their next New Year, they had to repeat the celebration. This happened because on December 19, 7208, a personal decree of Peter I was signed and published on the reform of the calendar in Russia, according to which a new beginning of the year was introduced - from January 1 and a new era - the Christian chronology (from the "Nativity of Christ").

The Petrovsky decree was called: "On the writing of Genvar from the 1st of 1700 in all the papers of the summer from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world." Therefore, the decree prescribed the day after December 31, 7208 from the "creation of the world" to count January 1, 1700 from the "birth of Christ". So that the reform was adopted without complications, the decree ended with a prudent proviso: "And if anyone wants to write both those years, from the creation of the world and from the Nativity of Christ, I will be free in a row."

Meeting of the first civil New Year in Moscow. The next day after the announcement of the decree of Peter I on the reform of the calendar on Red Square in Moscow, that is, December 20, 7208, a new decree of the tsar was announced - "On the celebration of the New Year." Considering that January 1, 1700 is not only the beginning of a new year, but also the beginning of a new century (A significant mistake was made in the decree: 1700 is the last year of the 17th century, and not the first year of the 18th century. The new century began on January 1 1701, a mistake that is sometimes repeated in our days.), The decree ordered to mark this event with a particularly solemnity. It gave detailed instructions on how to organize a holiday in Moscow. On New Year's Eve, Peter I himself lit the first rocket on Red Square, giving the signal for the opening of the holiday. The streets were lit up with illumination. Bells and cannon firing began, the sounds of trumpets and timpani were heard. The tsar congratulated the population of the capital on the New Year, the festivities continued throughout the night. From the courtyards into the dark winter sky, multicolored rockets flew up, and “along the big streets, where there is space,” lights burned - bonfires and tar barrels attached to the posts.

The houses of the inhabitants of the wooden capital were dressed up in needles "from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper." For a whole week, the houses were decorated, and with the onset of night, lights were lit. Shooting "from small cannons and from muskets or other small weapons", as well as launching "rockets" were assigned to people "who do not count gold." And the "poor people" were asked "to put each tree or branch on the gate or over his temple, though". Since that time, the custom has been established in our country to celebrate New Year's Day on January 1 annually.

After 1918, there were also calendar reforms in the USSR. In the period from 1929 to 1940, calendar reforms were carried out in our country three times, caused by production needs. Thus, on August 26, 1929, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a decree "On the transition to continuous production in enterprises and institutions of the USSR", in which it was recognized that it was necessary already from the 1929-1930 financial year to start a systematic and consistent transfer of enterprises and institutions to continuous production. In the fall of 1929, a gradual transition to "continuous" began, which ended in the spring of 1930 after the publication of a decree by a special government commission under the Council of Labor and Defense. This decree introduced a unified production timesheet-calendar. In the calendar year, 360 days were envisaged, that is, 72 five-day days. It was decided to consider the remaining 5 days as holidays. Unlike the ancient Egyptian calendar, they were not located all together at the end of the year, but were timed to coincide with Soviet memorable days and revolutionary holidays: January 22, May 1 and 2, and November 7 and 8.

Employees of each enterprise and institution were divided into 5 groups, and each group was assigned a day of rest every five days for the whole year. This meant that after four working days there was a day of rest. After the introduction of "uninterrupted" there was no need for a seven-day week, since days off could fall not only on different days of the month, but also on different days of the week.

However, this calendar did not last long. Already on November 21, 1931, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution "On a discontinuous production week in institutions", in which it allowed the people's commissariats and other institutions to switch to a six-day interrupted production week. For them, permanent days off were established on the following days of the month: 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30. At the end of February, the day off fell on the last day of the month or was postponed to March 1. In those months that contained but 31 days, the last day of the month was considered to be over-month and was paid separately. The decree on the transition to a discontinuous six-day week entered into force on December 1, 1931.

Both the five-day and six-day days completely broke the traditional seven-day week with a general day off on Sunday. The six-day week has been applied for about nine years. Only on June 26, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree "On the transition to an eight-hour working day, a seven-day working week and on the prohibition of unauthorized departure of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions." the resolution in which it established that “in addition to Sundays, non-working days are also:

January 22, May 1 and 2, November 7 and 8, December 5. The same decree abolished the six special days of rest and non-working days that existed in rural areas on March 12 (Day of the overthrow of the autocracy) and March 18 (Day of the Paris Commune).

On March 7, 1967, the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions adopted a resolution "On the transfer of workers and employees of enterprises, institutions and organizations to a five-day working week with two days off", but this reform did not affect the structure of the modern calendar. "

But the most interesting thing is that passions do not subside. The next round happens already in our new time. Sergey Baburin, Viktor Alksnis, Irina Savelyeva and Alexander Fomenko introduced a bill to the State Duma in 2007 - on the transition of Russia from January 1, 2008 to the Julian calendar. In the explanatory note, the deputies noted that “the world calendar does not exist” and proposed to establish a transitional period from December 31, 2007, when, within 13 days, chronology will be carried out simultaneously on two calendars at once. Only four deputies took part in the voting. Three are against, one is for. There were no abstentions. The rest of the electorate ignored the vote.

In Russia, thanks to the decree of Peter I of 1699, the New Year began to be celebrated on the night of December 31 to January 1, starting in 1700. However, not everyone knows that after the Revolution this holiday was not celebrated at all for some time. And, what is remarkable, only in the twentieth century did the New Year become a truly All-Russian holiday. What happened after the 1917 Revolution, what changes in the approach to celebrating the New Year did this lead to and how it turned out for us - this is something worth learning more about.

Russia (in these times - the Russian Empire) met 1917 as much as 13 days later than most European countries, because we still lived according to the Julian calendar. We can say that thanks to the change of power as a result of the revolution, we now live according to the same calendar with Europe: by the decision of V.I. Lenin since 1918, Russia canceled the Julian calendar, the error of which has already accumulated 13 days, and introduced the Gregorian calendar. And here celebrate The New Year at that time they stopped - this holiday has acquired an unofficial character. Moreover, the Nativity of Christ was then considered a much more important and significant event.

In the mid-30s, the tradition of the New Year's holiday returned to the country. We can say that the New Year in Russia was returned by I.V. Stalin: the order of the party and government "On the celebration of the New Year in the USSR" was issued in 1937. At the same time, the first official Christmas tree, which took place in the hall of the House of Unions. At the top of the festive tree was the famous red star.

An interesting fact is that a year earlier, namely December 31, 1935, the first in the history of Russia was made New Year's radio greetings, addressed to drifting polar explorers. It was handed over by the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, Mikhail Kalinin, on long-distance communications. Then it became annual and even all-Union.

During the Great Patriotic War, the traditions of this holiday also did not stand aside. In kindergartens, kids were given "gifts": some candy, some gingerbread. In other words, they chose from the humanitarian aid received what was more or less suitable for the role new year gift... War veterans say that at the front they did not forget about this holiday and decorated the tree with what it was: wire, cardboard, bandages, cotton wool, shells and even shoulder straps. The parachutist suspended by strings is the most famous Christmas tree decoration during the war.

Until 1947, people went to work on January 1, and on December 23, an official decision was made to make the first day of each new year a holiday and a day off. Well, after the holidays and weekends it became more and more. So, January 2 acquired the status of a day off in 1992, and in 2005 January 3, 4 and 5 were added to them. Now all Russians are resting from January 1 to January 8.

Concerning New Year's traditions, then there are so many of them that you cannot count them all. Many of them are borrowed. For example, a Western tradition. The origin of Santa Claus was generally predetermined by ancient Slavic folklore. But the Soviet New Year traditions have taken root in modern Russia best of all. For example, since the reign of Peter the Great and other reformers, we still have fireworks. Champagne, tangerines, sparklers and firecrackers, the New Year's address by the head of state and the chimes - all of this has also been left to us from Soviet times. Well, the song "A Christmas tree was born in the forest" is known to every adult and child!

New Year was, is and will be one of the favorite holidays of most times and peoples. Every year, making a cherished wish under the chimes, people hope for the best, and may this “best” happen in the life of each of us!

the history of the development of the system of holidays (memorable days) in Soviet Russia.

Revolution of February 1917 in Russia

In 1917, somewhat simplified calendars began to be found - without tsarist days, otherwise - without changes.

Revolution of October 1917 in Russia of the year

On October 29, 1917 (two days after its formation), the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR issued a decree "On an eight-hour working day" (the first labor law of the Soviet government). According to him (Art. 10), "the schedule of holidays, in which it is not supposed to work (clause 2 of Art. 103 of the Statute on Industrial Labor), must be included":

all sundays
1 January New Year
January 6 Epiphany. Epiphany
On February 27, the overthrow of the autocracy (although the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II from the throne followed only on March 2; and on February 27, the Provisional Committee of the State Duma was created, later transformed into the Provisional Government)
March 25 Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos
May 1st International Day
15 August Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
September 14 Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord
December 25 and 26 Christmas
Friday and Saturday of Holy Week
Monday
- and tuesday of Easter week
Ascension Day 6th Thursday after Easter
the second day of the feast of the Descent of the Holy Spirit Monday after the feast of the Holy Trinity, the 8th after Easter

Accordingly, according to the first decree of the Soviet government on labor, the following were recognized as common holidays for all workers (and general weekends):

February 27 overthrow of the autocracy
March 25 Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos
May 1st International Day
December 25 Christmas
friday of Holy Week
day of the Ascension of the Lord
the second day of the holiday of the Descent of the Holy Spirit

In addition, according to Art. Decrees 2, “on the eve of the Nativity of Christ (December 24) and the feast of the Holy Trinity, the work ends at 12 o'clock. of the day ".

From December 10, 1918

According to the Regulations on Weekly Rest and Holidays (annex to Article 104 of the Labor Code of 1918), the production of work was prohibited on the following holidays dedicated to the memories of historical and social events:

January 1 - New Year
January 22 - day January 9, 1905 (year)
March 12 - overthrow of the autocracy
May 1 - International Day
November 7 - Day of the Proletarian Revolution (revolution)
Plus additional no more than 10 unpaid days a year by decision of local councils of trade unions in agreement with the People's Commissariat of Labor.

In article 111 of the Labor Code of the RSFSR of 1922, instead of “overthrow of the autocracy” it says “the day of the overthrow of the autocracy”, instead of “New Year” it says “New Year”. In the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of July 30, 1923 "On the postponement of ten days of rest granted to the population of the Orthodox faith under Art. 112 of the Labor Code of the 1922 edition from the old to the new style ”mentions such holidays as the Transfiguration, the Dormition and the Nativity of Christ. The decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of August 14 of the same year clarified that the Orthodox holidays mentioned in the previous normative act are considered special days of rest only in those areas where such are announced by the local authorities.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of August 3, 1923, July 6, the day of the adoption of the Basic Law (Constitution), was recognized as a holiday throughout the USSR. A year later, the day of the Union Constitution was postponed to the first Sunday in July.

An example for 1919

On January 2, 1919, by a resolution of the Plenary Session of the Council of Trade Unions, the days of the five most revered holidays of the Orthodox Church were declared non-working, but not festive:

(excluding Julian style)

An example for 1925

January 1 - New Year
January 22 - Day January 9, 1905
March 12 - Overthrow of the autocracy
March 18 - Day of the Paris Commune
April 18 - Holy Saturday
April 19-20 - Easter
May 1 - International Day
May 28 - Ascension
June 7 - Trinity
June 8 - Ghosts Day
August 6 - Transfiguration
August 15 - Assumption
November 7 - Day of the Proletarian Revolution
December 25-26 - Christmas

Note: church holidays were celebrated according to the new style according to the calendar of the Renovationists.

An example for 1928

“MGSPS adopted a decree prohibiting to carry out work in 1928 on the following holidays:

January 1 (New Year),
January 22 (Lenin Memorial Day),
March 12 (Day of the overthrow of the autocracy),
March 18 (Paris Commune Day),
May 1 (International Day),
November 7-8 (XI year of the Proletarian Revolution),

In addition, it is prohibited to carry out work on the following days of rest:

Since July 30, 1928

Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, SNK of the RSFSR of 07/30/1928 "On amendments to Articles 111 and 112 of the Labor Code of the RSFSR":

January 1 - New Year
January 22 - day January 9, 1905
March 12 - the day of the overthrow of the autocracy
March 18 - the day of the Paris Commune
May 1 and 2 - International Day
November 7 and 8 - anniversary of the October revolution
Plus annually 6 special days off(The clause on 6 special days of rest entered into force on January 1, 1929)

Since September 24, 1929

Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated 09.24.1929 "On working time and rest time in enterprises and institutions, switching to a continuous production week."

Instead of "holidays", the term "revolutionary days" was introduced:

January 22 - "Memorial Day January 9, 1905 and in memory of V.I.Lenin»
November 7 and 8 - " days anniversary of the October revolution "

“The celebration of the rest of the revolutionary events is carried out without the release of workers and employees from work. On New Year's Day and all religious holidays (former special days of rest), work is done on a general basis. "

Example for 1930

The names are slightly different:

January 22 - Day January 9, 1905 and in memory of V.I.LENIN (died on January 21)
May 1-2 - International Proletarian Solidarity Day
November 7-8 - Day of the Proletarian Revolution

December 5, 1936

The names of the holidays are given according to the calendar for 1941

January 22 - Memorial Day V.I.LENIN and January 9, 1905
May 1-2 - days of the military holiday of the international proletariat
November 7-8 - XXIV anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution in the USSR
December 5 - National holiday - the day of the Stalin Constitution of the USSR

May 8, 1945

May 1 and 2 - "days of the International"
May 9 - Victory Day

Since September 2, 1945

January 22 - "Day of Remembrance of January 9, 1905 and the memory of V. I. Lenin"
May 1 and 2 - "days of the International"
May 9 - Victory Day
September 3 - Victory Day over Japan
November 7 and 8 - "days of the anniversary of the October revolution"
December 5 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 2, 1945 "On the declaration of September 3 as the Victory Day over Japan"

From May 7, 1947

January 22 - "Day of Remembrance of January 9, 1905 and the memory of V. I. Lenin"
May 1 and 2 - "days of the International"
May 9 - Victory Day
November 7 and 8 - "days of the anniversary of the October revolution"
December 5 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1947 “In amendment of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 2, 1945 on declaring the day of victory over Japan - September 3, a non-working day, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decides: Japan - a working day "(" Bulletin of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ", 1947, No. 17).

Since December 23, 1947

January 1 - New Year
January 22 - "Day of Remembrance of January 9, 1905 and the memory of V. I. Lenin"
May 1 and 2 - "days of the International"
November 7 and 8 - "days of the anniversary of the October revolution"
December 5 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 23, 1947, January 1 was declared a New Year's holiday (non-working day), and May 9 was declared a working day (remaining a holiday).

Since August 7, 1951

January 1 - New Year
May 1 and 2 - "days of the International"
November 7 and 8 - "days of the anniversary of the October revolution"
December 5 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 7, 1951, January 22 was declared a working day.

Since April 26, 1965

January 1 - New Year
March 8 - International Women's Day(March 8)
May 1 and 2 - Day of International Workers' Solidarity
May 9 - Victory Day
November 7 and 8 - anniversary of the great October socialist revolution
December 5 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR

Since October 7, 1977

Law of the USSR of 07/15/1970 "On Approval of the Fundamentals of Legislation of the Union of the USSR and Union Republics on Labor" with amendments and additions introduced by the Law of the USSR of 07.10.1977.

January 1 - New Year
March 8 - International Women's Day
May 1 and 2 - International Workers' Day
May 9 - Victory Day
October 7 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR
November 7 and 8 - the anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

USSR holidays table

date	Name	Note
January 1 (non-working day)	New Year	Since 1898 it has been a public holiday. From 1930 to 1947 was a working day.
January 22 (non-working day)	Bloody sunday	It was a non-working day to commemorate the victims of January 9th. In some calendars, it was also celebrated as the day of memory of Lenin, who died a day earlier. January 21 and 22 are marked with a black border. Canceled in 1951.
February 23	Day of the Soviet Army and Navy of the USSR	The date for this holiday was chosen in honor of the victories of the Red Army over the troops of imperial Germany in 1918 near Pskov and Narva. Celebrated since 1922; until 1949 was called the "Day of the Red Army and Navy". Since 1993 it has been called the "Defender of the Fatherland Day".
March 8 (non-working day)	International Women's Day	Since 1965 it is a non-working day.
12th of April	Cosmonautics Day	Day of the launch of the first man Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961.
May 1 and 2 (non-working days)	Day of International Workers' Solidarity	It was celebrated for 2 days, May 1 and 2. Since 1917 it is a non-working day. Since 1992 it has been called the "Holiday of Spring and Labor".
May 9 (non-working day)	Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War	Celebrated on the day of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. From 1945 to 1947 it was a non-working day. By decree of December 23, 1947, it was postponed to January 1. Resumed as a public holiday in 1965.
September 3 (non-working day)	Day of the victory of the USSR over militaristic Japan	It was celebrated on the day after the unconditional surrender of militarist Japan on September 2, 1945. From 1945 to 1947 it was a non-working day.
October 7 (non-working day)	USSR Constitution Day	Day of the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR in 1977. From 1977 to 1991 it was a non-working day.
November 7 and 8 (non-working days)	Anniversary of the October 1917 revolution in Russia	Holiday in honor of the October Revolution of 1917. It was celebrated for 2 days, November 7 and 8. From 1918 to 2004 it was a day off. Since 1992, only one day has been considered a public holiday - November 7th. In 1995, it was called "The Day of the Military Parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941)." Since 1996 it has been called the Day of Accord and Reconciliation.
December 5 (non-working day)	USSR Constitution Day	The day of the adoption of the Stalinist constitution in 1936 was celebrated from 1936 to 1976.