Consultation for parents "The role of the family in the upbringing of a preschooler" Purpose: To show the indispensability and importance of the role of the family in shaping the personality of a preschooler, to reflect the basic principles and ideas of interaction between the kindergarten and the family. The family plays an important role in shaping a person's personality. Parents are the first educators and teachers of the child, so their role in shaping his personality is enormous. Raising your child is a great art, since the process of education itself is a continuous work of the heart, mind and will of the parents. Every day they have to look for ways to approach the child, think about resolving many specific situations put forward by life, but it is not always possible to find the right solution. Raising a real Human is not an easy task; it requires time and effort, and knowledge, and certain skills. Only a kind loving heart in close union with the mind, enriched by experience and science, can successfully contribute to the upbringing and formation of a young personality. Every modern parent must understand that the comprehensive upbringing of the child, preparing him for life in society is the main social task that is solved not only by the kindergarten, but above all by the family. In the family, the child acquires the first social experience. If parents are characterized by a breadth of interests, an effective attitude to everything that happens in the country, in the world, then the child, sharing their mood, joining their affairs and concerns, learns the appropriate moral standards. The influence of the family microclimate on the formation of a person's personality is great. The family is the school of the child's feelings. Observing the relationships of adults, their emotional reactions and feeling the whole variety of manifestations of the feelings of people close to him, the child acquires a moral and emotional experience. In a calm environment, the child is calm, he is characterized by a sense of security, emotional balance. The child is active and inquisitive by nature, he easily absorbs everything he sees and hears around, the mood of adults is transmitted to him. It is important what emotional impressions he receives in the family: positive or negative; what manifestations of adults he observes: cordiality, care, tenderness, friendly faces, calm tone, humor or fuss, nervousness, grouchiness, envy, pettiness, gloomy faces. All this is a kind of alphabet of feelings - the first brick in the future building of personality. The main task of moral education is the development and education of the child's moral feelings, positive skills and behavioral habits. Preschool age is just right for the development of feelings. A positive effect on the development of feelings is provided by watching cartoons, reading instructive poems, fairy tales and stories, where the main role is given to the victory of good over evil. Impressed by a cartoon or a fairy tale, the kid begins to analyze the behavior of the characters; so the child learns to understand his behavior, he begins to reflect on his actions. Parents should instill certain skills and habits in their child. Teach your child discipline and independence. Teach useful skills, such as courtesy, cleanliness, accuracy, obedience. Educators will take care of the social and moral education of the child, they will teach the child to express thoughts correctly, communicate with adults, teach him to tell the truth, play with all the children, develop the habit of work and mutual assistance. The social and moral education of children should take place as follows: When reading a fairy tale to children, parents should achieve a discussion; let the children think about who is right and who is to blame in this situation; Clearly, concisely and clearly explain the rules of conduct, arguing why you need to behave this way. Play games with children more often that teach cooperation and mutual assistance. Remember that the social and moral education of children prevents the development of bad habits. Thus, the features of the moral development of children at preschool age are: - the formation of the first moral judgments and assessments; initial understanding of the social meaning of the moral norm; - an increase in the effectiveness of moral ideas; - the emergence of conscious morality, that is, the child's behavior begins to be mediated by a moral norm. Whether the child will develop in accordance with the educational goals and ideas of the parents - mainly depends on the personality of the parents, on the properties of their characters, on their desire to meaningfully organize life in the family. How to be a child is, first of all, decided by the parents themselves, however, not alone, but in close cooperation with other educational forces in society. And the one who wants to educate should know why and how he should do it - after all, only then our desires work wonders when they turn into deeds. The beautiful image in which parents embody the dreams of the future of their children, the image of a person of impeccable morality and education, can only be realized by the purposeful educational work of the parents themselves. Those moral feelings, ideas and skills that will be formed in children at this age, the moral experience that they accumulate, will form the basis of their further moral development. Preschool age is extremely important in the moral formation of a child's personality. The integrated use of methods and means of moral education will help to successfully solve the problems of moral education and development of each child.

Consultation for parents "The role of the family in the upbringing of children"

The family primarily determines the mental development of the child. The psychological microclimate has a great influence on the formation of mental processes. Frequent quarrels, conflicts, alcoholism, immoral behavior of parents provokes in the child an inadequate attitude towards himself and society as a whole. All this is reflected in the psyche of the child. The peculiarities of family education styles are also important - overprotection, ignoring the needs of the child, excessive or insufficient requirements.

Living conditions and material security play an important role.

Psychologists most often associate family problems with marital relations. Dissatisfaction in marriage leads to disharmony in marital relations, divorces, neuroses, which means that the consequences of such disharmony affect children.

Most families are quite successful in overcoming adversity, which unites its members. But it also happens that, having lost self-confidence, adults fall into apathy, their social activity decreases, indifference appears not only to their own fate, but also to the fate of the child, and this negatively affects both the family as a whole and those brought up in her children.

The style of interaction between parents and children determines how adaptive a child will be in society and how favorable his life path will be.

Psychological research is aimed at identifying the interaction not “parents-child”, but the relationship “mother-child”.

In this regard, three areas of such research are distinguished:

Identification of types of relations between mother and child in a complete family;

The roles of maternal deprivation - there is no mother or she does not take care of the child;

Analysis of the relationship between mother and child in an incomplete family;

Often the child becomes a burden for the mother, hindering her social advancement. In this case, a child deprived of maternal affection develops speech late, and therefore the skills of communication with other adults.

The “heroine” mother, who gives herself completely to the child, can reproduce the “master-slave” relationship in order to get rid of the emptiness and meaninglessness of life. It does not allow him to show independence and forms irresponsibility and helplessness in the child. The child depends on the whims of the mother, and the mother - on the whims of the child, because she does everything for him. The father in such a union of two is deprived of his own paternal functions and becomes superfluous in the family.

Single mothers most often create such a close bond, thereby controlling and enjoying the child's behavior. Along with the fact that the child is always desired, the mother leaves him when she needs, and not him. This behavior leads to infantilization and the development of feminine traits in boys. It becomes easier for him to communicate with young children, he tends to imagine himself as a girl, the nickname "sissy" sticks to him.

In another situation, if there is a husband, if he fails in his career, the wife, who considers herself a strong-willed woman, begins a struggle for power. She divides children into strong "like a mother" and weak "like a father." In this case, the conflicting father and mother use the children as a means in the struggle between themselves.

Another option is that the mother considers the father “underdeveloped”, including the child, she does not strive to be with the child, although she tries to look caring. The mother expresses only negative emotions towards her son or does not express them at all, paying attention only to external norms of behavior. The child does not develop personality.

In an incomplete family, a mother with a "broken fate" devotes herself to the child for a short period of time, but can leave him for the sake of a new man, just like the father - his "favorite daughter". Then the child rebels against parental inconstancy.

The father-child relationship is also important. It is the first external object for the child and acts as a model for early identification. Fathers influence the process of "separation" of the child from the mother, thereby accelerating the process of socialization. However, the father in the process of fatherhood is also subject to psychological crises, and in the event that the father himself does not solve the problems of childhood attachment to his father and mother, he has an increasing risk of inadequate building his own family.

So, the family and intra-family interactions are the main factors influencing the personal development of the child, his successful socialization.

Advice for parents

"The role of the family in the upbringing of children"

The upbringing of the rising generation in a socialist society is a matter of special concern. Its success is determined by the unity and consistency of the educational influences of public education carried out in state educational institutions, the family and the public. The basis of this unity is the complete coincidence of the interests of the state and the family in the upbringing of a new generation, which consists in the formation of comprehensively and harmoniously developed, useful to society, citizens devoted to the Motherland.

The unity of public and family education, with the leading role of the public, is one of the main principles of the communist education system, which is recorded in the most important party and state documents. “The communist system of public education,” states the Program of the CPSU, “is based on the public education of children. The educational influence of the family on children must be more and more organically combined with their social education.
The leading role of social education is due to the fact that the upbringing of the child is carried out in a group of peers, where he acquires the first skills of social behavior; it is scientifically based, takes place in a specially created pedagogical environment and is carried out by professionally trained specialists.
Recognition of the leading role of social education does not detract from the great importance of the family in shaping the child's personality. The family is the primary unit of society in which a new person appears; this small social group is the first school of life for a child. Parents are his first teachers and educators. The power of their influence on the emerging personality is exceptionally great. The basis of the influence of parents on the child is their disinterested love for him, care for him, combined with exactingness. The child responds to this love and care with a feeling of deep affection and love for his parents, recognition of their superiority and authority, a desire to follow them, to imitate in everything. The strength of the influence of the family is due to the child's compliance with educational influences, his imitation.
The Soviet state regards the educational role of parents as their important social and civic duty.
“Citizens of the USSR,” Art. 66 of the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, are obliged to take care of the upbringing of children, to prepare them for socially useful work, to raise them as worthy members of socialist society. Children have an obligation to take care of their parents and help them.”
The importance of the family in the upbringing of young children is especially great; under the guidance of their parents, they master the initial ideas about the world around them.
Soviet families have accumulated positive experience in the successful upbringing of children in accordance with the requirements of a socialist society: instilling in them love for the Motherland and the foundations of moral behavior. But there are families in which serious mistakes are made in raising children, which negatively affects their further development, puts forward the complex problem of re-education. The main reason for these errors is the insufficient level of pedagogical culture of parents. Wanting to raise a good person, a future citizen from your child is not enough. You have to be able to do it.
Who should help parents master the science and art of education? An important role in this work belongs to teachers of preschool institutions. In an effort to establish the unity and interaction of educational influences on the child in the family and kindergarten, they carry out pedagogical education of parents, provide them with practical assistance. Following N. K. Krupskaya's wise instruction that "the combination of social education, which is given in our preschool institutions ... with family education, where the hearts of mothers beat fervently for the cause of socialism, will create a remarkable generation of people", educators are doing a lot of work with family, seeking the unity of social and family education.

Conditions for the proper upbringing of children in the family

Parents should understand A.S. Makarenko’s thought that “children’s upbringing is the most important area of ​​​​our life ... Proper upbringing is our happy old age, bad upbringing is our future sorrow, these are our tears, this is our guilt before others people, in front of the whole country. The upbringing of your child should not be seen as a personal matter, but as the fulfillment of a civic duty to society. By raising children, parents shape the personality of future workers, citizens, future fathers and mothers; not only they themselves are interested in success, but society as a whole. In exceptional cases, when parents cannot create the necessary conditions for raising children, they are assisted by the state.

Successful upbringing of children in a family can only be when parents clearly understand its purpose and tasks, ways and means of their implementation. This is necessary to establish the unity of educational influences in the family and kindergarten. “We must be aware of our own parental desires,” said A. S. Makarenko. He emphasized that parents should have a clear idea of ​​who they want to raise from their child, what kind of person, what qualities to give him. In order to properly educate a child, one must know and understand him well, and this requires pedagogical knowledge. They will help parents in the correct analysis of the behavior of the child, the choice of the right ways for his upbringing.
An important role in the upbringing of children is played by the general way of life of the family: the equality of spouses, the organization of family life, the correct relationship between family members, the general tone of goodwill, mutual respect and care, the atmosphere of patriotism, diligence, general order and family traditions, the unity of adults' requirements for the child. Family life should be organized in such a way that not only material needs (for food, clothing, warmth, etc.) but also spiritual needs are more fully satisfied and developed.
Parents must have authority in the eyes of the child, without this education is impossible. What is parental authority based on? In the understanding of parents of this problem, there are misconceptions. A. S. Makarenko spoke convincingly about them in lectures given to parents. The basis of parental authority is the civil face of parents, their life, work, behavior, sense of responsibility for their family to society. The most authoritative parents are those who successfully combine work and social activities with family responsibilities, show interest and attention to the lives of their children, skillfully and tactfully manage their lives and development - all this applies equally to mother and father.
At the heart of the relationship of parents to the child is a natural and wonderful feeling of love for him. “Love is the creator of all that is good, sublime, strong, warm and bright,” wrote F. E. Dzerzhinsky. It's all about the sense of measure of manifestation of parental love, combined with exactingness and respect for the personality of the child. Immeasurable love for a child, manifested in the unconditional satisfaction of all his desires and requirements “I want”, “Give”, “Buy”, open admiration for him, demonstration of his barely emerging abilities - all this harms the baby, makes him capricious, selfish, weakens his will . Such love for a child is called blind. A. S. Makarenko characterized such an attitude of parents towards a child as a “horse dose of love”.
The correct attitude of parents towards children lies in the ability to combine kindness, gentleness, and tenderness with strict, consistent exactingness, taking into account the child's capabilities and age characteristics. A. S. Makarenko advised parents "to be as affectionate as you like with the child, to joke with him, to play, but when the need arises, you must be able to order briefly, once ...". Consequently, the tone of the relationship between parents and children should combine calmness, poise, friendliness with determination and efficiency. Treating a child correctly means respecting a person in him, albeit still small, with little life experience and knowledge, respecting his rights to adult attention to him, to communication with them, to the conditions for various activities.

Compiled by: Social pedagogue - Sautieva A.V.

A full-fledged family is one where there are children. The way children grow up depends largely on the people around them. The great joy of raising children always coexists with great responsibility for their fate, their future.
Caring for children, their upbringing is the most important right and duty of parents. This requirement, proclaimed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, defines the main social function of the family - the family is obliged to form a physically and mentally healthy, highly moral, intellectually developed personality, ready for the upcoming work, social and family life.
The family is the most favorable natural environment in which the initial upbringing of the child is carried out. For a small child, the family is the whole world. The world in which he lives makes discoveries, learns to love, hate, rejoice, sympathize. In the family, the child acquires the initial experience of communication, the ability to live among people. In everyday communication with parents, the baby learns to know the world, imitates adults, gains life experience, learns the norms of behavior. For a small child, the family is the first and often almost the only social institution that forms his personality. What a child acquires in the family in childhood, he retains throughout his subsequent life.
Communicating with children, especially those of older preschool age, watching them, you are convinced of how the family environment affects the personality of the child, his moral, mental, aesthetic development. The preschooler is susceptible to all kinds of influences, prone to imitation. At the same time, he cannot always figure out what is good and what is bad - his life experience is still small, consciousness often obeys emotions.
A variety of environmental phenomena, including negative ones, can affect the behavior and psyche of a child. This is important to consider when organizing the lives of adults and children in the family. Parents should take care of the culture of everyday relationships, be a role model.
The richer and more meaningful the communication between adults and children, the more positive is the pedagogical influence of adults. Mother and father use knowledge and skills based on the experience of the older generation; use different media (print, television, internet, etc.); consult with educators. Parents must constantly educate their children: on weekends and holidays, at kindergarten gatherings and in the evenings.
Every family that wants to raise their children as best as possible has those features, those conditions that are extremely important for raising a child, the main of which is the nature of family education, based on family feelings, the blood love of parents for children and children for parents. The child feels every day that care, affection, family warmth, joy come from relatives: mom and dad, grandparents, brothers and sisters. If there is no father in the family, the mother takes on double care; usually there are other loving relatives of the baby. Not without reason, both adults and children forgive each other a lot because of love, which they would not forgive outsiders.
But, if on the part of parents, other adult family members, love becomes sacrificial, turns out to be one-sided (everything to the child and nothing from him) or inconsistent (sometimes they indulge immensely, sometimes they demand unbearable things from him), children develop egoistic tendencies in behavior.
With a lack of love, sooner or later it will dramatically affect the spiritual and neuropsychic development of children.
A child can live, although being with his parents, but actually alone. When a father and mother get drunk, lead an immoral lifestyle or there are constant conflicts, rudeness, reproaches in the house, then parents are not up to the children. They spend their time and energy on other things.
The more the father and mother get to know the child, organize his classes, games and work at home, the calmer and more comfortable the atmosphere in the family. Meaningful communication between adults and children enriches family relationships.
Mutual respect, harmony in the family, the reliability of the family hearth develop and strengthen only with the conscious and strong-willed efforts of the father and mother, overcoming the shortcomings of family relations. First of all, it should be done for the sake of children.
Another important factor in family education is the constancy and duration of educational influences on children by parents and other family members. These influences can be carried out consciously (adults set a goal in advance: for example, to teach a child to make crafts, help around the house, take care of plants or pets, etc.) and spontaneously (on the way to kindergarten, parents draw the child’s attention to how the polar day, how gently, in the spring the sun shines).
For a child, the family is the main society in which he lives. Therefore, parents have to strictly monitor their behavior, make sure that even fleeting influences are valuable for children.
Even if the child attends a kindergarten, parents should not assume that he will be raised there. Proper upbringing can only be given by a family, only in a family can a person grow up who is able to create a new strong family.

The upbringing of the rising generation in a democratic society is a matter of special concern. Its success is determined by the unity and consistency of the educational influences of public education carried out in state educational institutions, the family and the public. The basis of this unity is the complete coincidence of the interests of the state and the family in the upbringing of a new generation, which consists in the formation of comprehensively and harmoniously developed, useful to society, citizens devoted to the Motherland.

The unity of public and family education is one of the main principles of the system of social education, which is recorded in the most important state documents. The educational influence of the family on children must be more and more organically combined with their social education.

The leading role of social education is due to the fact that the upbringing of the child is carried out in a group of peers, where he acquires the first skills of social behavior; it is scientifically based, takes place in a specially created pedagogical environment and is carried out by professionally trained specialists.

Recognition of the leading role of social education does not detract from the great importance of the family in shaping the child's personality.

The family is the primary unit of society in which a new person appears; this small social group is the first school of life for a child. Parents are his first teachers and educators. The power of their influence on the emerging personality is exceptionally great. The basis of the influence of parents on the child is their disinterested love for him, care for him, combined with exactingness. The child responds to this love and care with a feeling of deep affection and love for his parents, recognition of their superiority and authority, a desire to follow them, to imitate in everything. The strength of the influence of the family is due to the child's compliance with educational influences, his imitation.

Our state evaluates the educational role of parents as their important social and civic duty.

“Citizens of Russia,” the Constitution says, “are obliged to take care of the upbringing of children, to prepare them for socially useful work, to raise them as worthy members of society. Children have an obligation to take care of their parents and help them.”

The importance of the family in the upbringing of young children is especially great; under the guidance of their parents, they master the initial ideas about the world around them.

Russian families have accumulated a positive experience in the successful upbringing of children in accordance with the requirements of society: the formation of their love for the Motherland, the foundations of moral behavior. But there are families in which serious mistakes are made in raising children, which negatively affects their further development, puts forward the complex problem of re-education. The main reason for these errors is the insufficient level of pedagogical culture of parents.

Wanting to raise a good person, a future citizen from your child is not enough. You have to be able to do it.

Who should help parents master the science and art of education? An important role in this work belongs to teachers of preschool institutions. In an effort to establish the unity and interaction of educational influences on the child in the family and kindergarten, they carry out pedagogical education of parents, provide them with practical assistance, educators do a lot of work with the family, achieving the unity of public and family education.

Conditions for the proper upbringing of children in the family

Parents should understand A.S. Makarenko’s thought that “children’s upbringing is the most important area of ​​​​our life ... Proper upbringing is our happy old age, bad upbringing is our future sorrow, these are our tears, this is our guilt before others people, in front of the whole country. The upbringing of your child should not be seen as a personal matter, but as the fulfillment of a civic duty to society. By raising children, parents shape the personality of future workers, citizens, future fathers and mothers; not only they themselves are interested in success, but society as a whole. In exceptional cases, when parents cannot create the necessary conditions for raising children, they are assisted by the state.

Successful upbringing of children in a family can only be when parents clearly understand its purpose and tasks, ways and means of their implementation. This is necessary to establish the unity of educational influences in the family and kindergarten. “We must be aware of our own parental desires,” said A. S. Makarenko. He emphasized that parents should have a clear idea of ​​who they want to raise from their child, what kind of person, what qualities to give him. In order to properly educate a child, one must know and understand him well, and this requires pedagogical knowledge. They will help parents in the correct analysis of the behavior of the child, the choice of the right ways for his upbringing.

An important role in the upbringing of children is played by the general way of life of the family: the equality of spouses, the organization of family life, the correct relationship between family members, the general tone of goodwill, mutual respect and care, the atmosphere of patriotism, diligence, general order and family traditions, the unity of adults' requirements for the child. Family life should be organized in such a way that not only material needs (for food, clothing, warmth, etc.) but also spiritual needs are more fully satisfied and developed.

Parents must have authority in the eyes of the child, without this education is impossible. What is parental authority based on? The basis of parental authority is the civil face of parents, their life, work, behavior, sense of responsibility for their family to society. The most authoritative parents are those who successfully combine work and social activities with family responsibilities, show interest and attention to the lives of their children, skillfully and tactfully manage their lives and development - all this applies equally to mother and father.

At the heart of the relationship of parents to the child is a natural and wonderful feeling of love for him. “Love is the creator of all that is good, sublime, strong, warm and bright,” wrote F. E. Dzerzhinsky. It's all about the sense of measure of manifestation of parental love, combined with exactingness and respect for the personality of the child. Immeasurable love for a child, manifested in the unconditional satisfaction of all his desires and requirements “I want”, “Give”, “Buy”, open admiration for him, demonstration of his barely emerging abilities - all this harms the baby, makes him capricious, selfish, weakens his will . Such love for a child is called blind.

The correct attitude of parents towards children lies in the ability to combine kindness, gentleness, and tenderness with strict, consistent exactingness, taking into account the child's capabilities and age characteristics. A. S. Makarenko advised parents "to be as affectionate as you like with the child, to joke with him, to play, but when the need arises, you must be able to order briefly, once ...". Consequently, the tone of the relationship between parents and children should combine calmness, poise, friendliness with determination and efficiency. Treating a child correctly means respecting a person in him, albeit still small, with little life experience and knowledge, respecting his rights to adult attention to him, to communication with them, to the conditions for various activities.