Child development by the end of 1 month. What is the first thing a mother needs to know about newborns? How to find out if your child is in pain

In this article we will discuss what a child's development should be at 1 month. These are special thirty days in the life of the baby and his parents. The little man gets to know this world, learns to live in it, and actively adapts to it. A newborn endures stress that even the strongest adult could not imagine. In a short time, a helpless and defenseless baby must endure a very painful birth. The type of environment in which it is located, the type of blood circulation and nutrition changes. Therefore, parents in the first month of their child’s life should be extremely attentive and careful. Of course, it’s not easy for parents, especially mothers. She will have to go without sleep for many days, forget about herself and her needs, because her life will focus only on this little baby. In about a week, the swelling in the newborn's face will go away, and the baby will become more beautiful every day. Spends 1 month to finally adapt to the environment.

Reflexes of a newborn

Having understood the seriousness of the situation, parents will ask, what should a child’s development be like at 1 month so that everything is normal and does not cause concern? A child comes into this world with a sufficient set of reflexes that cannot but surprise. What can a 1 month old baby do? For example, if you touch his lips, he will stretch them out and be ready to suck. If you drop something sweet on your tongue, you will begin to smack your lips, as if from pleasure. It also actively reacts to stimuli. If you put something bitter or sour in his mouth, he will start to wince. If you knock sharply and loudly, the baby will turn in the direction from which he heard the sound, begin to actively listen and wrinkle his forehead. The newborn unmistakably recognizes his mother by the characteristic smell of milk and by the intonation of her voice. A healthy newborn should have developed grasping and To check the latter, you need to gently press on the ball of the baby's foot. After a short time, the fingers should clench.

What can a 1 month old baby do besides reflexes?

1. The child must be able to raise his head, albeit for a fairly short time.
2. Move your arms and legs freely, rotate your back.
3. Make sounds (walk).
4. Examine a stationary object, react with a conscious smile to what is pleasant for him.
5. Distinguish between sounds and the most basic colors of the spectrum.
6. Getting to know your mother is the main skill that a newborn baby should have, 1 month is more than enough time for this.

Newborn baby's daily routine

Regular nutrition, washing, communication, affection, sleep, walks. All this is the regime of a 1 month old baby. But should it be strictly followed? Pediatricians have recently been divided on this issue. And how can a confused mother deal with this situation, if even doctors cannot make a single decision? It all depends on how the child’s development proceeds at 1 month, and on the conditions around him. There are families in which grandmothers and other relatives help young parents. Then you can forget about the strict daily routine. But if the mother is alone in caring for and raising, then a strict daily routine will help her manage everything and not fall exhausted in the evening.

Examination of the child by medical workers

In the coming days after the mother and child arrive from the maternity hospital, the local doctor and the nurse on duty must come for a routine examination. You can and should ask them any questions without being embarrassed at all. Answering them is their immediate professional task. Most often, medical professionals are asked about physical and physiological indicators. The mother wants to know whether the child’s development is proceeding correctly at 1 month. The doctor will answer these questions and then begin examining the newborn. It is imperative to show what a baby is doing at 1 month, at least at the level of reflexes.

Indicators of physical development

What should be the normal indicators of physical development, what should an infant at the age of one month have? Head circumference - 34-35 centimeters. The average height of a child at 1 month is 49-50 centimeters. Chest circumference - 33-34 centimeters. in 1 month should be from 3,300 to 3,500 kilograms. These numbers are pretty average. It is far from a fact that every newborn child at 1 month should qualify for them. If parents are concerned about any discrepancies, they should consult with their nurse or doctor.

Need for attention

Proper care and normal development must first of all be accompanied by attention from the parent. You need to devote maximum time to the child, pick him up as often as possible and talk to him. And even if he doesn’t yet understand what you’re talking about, you can just say something in a calm, quiet voice. The baby will be calmer because of this, he will get used to his mother’s voice, which will further serve for his formation of correct speech and development of the speech apparatus.

You need to approach your child at his first call. There is no need to listen to grandmothers and neighbors who say that you cannot pick up a child in your arms and thereby make him an egoist. This opinion is completely wrong! The less attention you pay to a child, the more nervous he will be, the more he will scream and demand attention. And if the child is sure that his mother will come to him right away, then he himself will be calmer. Don't be afraid if your child screams. The young mother immediately begins to think that he is ill or something hurts. But in most cases, the child is simply wet, he needs to be changed - and the screams will subside. Or feeding time approaches, and the baby screams for food. Or maybe he just misses his mother and wants to see her.

Nutrition for a 1 month old baby

Often the question arises about feeding, what to feed and how to do it correctly. Of course, no one will argue that breastfeeding is optimal for the baby and the best for his health. The modern market now offers a large number of artificial formulas for feeding almost from the first day of life. Manufacturers claim that they are enriched with vitamins, minerals and other incredibly useful additives. But this mixture is only suitable for nutrition, that’s where its function ends. Mother's milk has no competition here, since it also contains antibodies that prevent the occurrence of diseases and infections in the baby. No mixture can artificially reproduce this. Breastfeeding is incredibly important psychologically and helps bring mother and baby closer together.

Difficulty breastfeeding

But some children refuse to breastfeed right from birth. In such a situation, you again need to consult a specialist. Perhaps it is the wrong shape of the nipples or they are too tight. There are times when a mother does not hold her breast correctly during feeding. Rarely does the problem lie in the fact that the child is simply phlegmatic and lazy. He falls asleep and does not make active sucking movements. Such a child needs to be constantly stimulated and encouraged to feed.

Also, do not exclude such a specific situation as smell. The child may simply not like the smell of milk. Perhaps the mother ate something odorous. Onions, garlic, herbs or some kind of seasoning. If such a problem occurs, then these products should be consumed with great caution. At least for the first time, it is worth excluding from the mother’s diet those foods that can trigger allergies. These are chocolate, red berries, citrus fruits. Feeding itself usually takes 15-20 minutes. In the first days, until this process is debugged, it may drag on for a longer time. On average, a child needs to be fed 7 times a day. If the child weighs little, then meals should be provided more often.

Doctors unanimously recommend feeding the baby as needed. But this does not mean that feedings should be erratic. On the contrary, you need to create a clear schedule for them, this will help improve digestion and simply make the baby feel good. But if the child wants to eat before the allotted time, you should not listen to his howls, you need to feed the baby as soon as possible.

What is the optimal amount of food for a newborn?

Parents are often concerned about the question, how much does a child eat at 1 month? Some parents complain that the baby cannot tear himself away from the breast or bottle, others believe that the baby eats too little. The best thing to do in such a situation is to look at the well-being and condition of the child. If he is healthy and happy, then everything is fine, no matter how much he eats. After feeding, the baby should not be placed on his back; he may choke when regurgitating. When asked how much a baby eats at 1 month, doctors do not give a definite answer.

Toys

The baby spends a lot of time in the crib. Lazy children in the first months of life can sleep about 20 hours a day! As soon as parents bring their child from the maternity hospital, the question arises of which toys to choose for a newborn crib. Usually, grandparents, friends of parents, and other relatives have already donated a lot of rattles. However, a child does not need such abundance at all, especially a small one. What are the main criteria for choosing a toy for a newborn’s crib? They should not be very heavy, made from environmentally friendly materials. As for the color scheme, it is better to choose a calm range of shades, but quite saturated.

Hanging rattles are very popular among toys for newborns. The child will not play with them yet, but will learn to distinguish colors and hone his grasping skills. Recently, they began to make such toys with musical accompaniment. If you give a child such a toy, the melody should be very soothing, calm and in no case loud - this can scare the baby. Of course, it is worth remembering that toys must be thoroughly washed and disinfected before giving them to the baby.

How does a child develop by month up to 1 year?

In the first year of life, a doctor and a nurse will visit the child as planned. This is done in order to track the child’s development month by month up to 1 year and make sure that it is progressing correctly. If necessary, the doctor gives a referral for examination and consultation with specialists. By the age of 1 year, a child should be able to:

• squat;
• get up from them to walk independently;
• walk, step over obstacles on your way;
• squat to pick up an object that has fallen on the floor.

He actively participates in what directly concerns him (personal hygiene, dressing). Drinks from a mug, holds a spoon, chews solid food. By this age, food preferences are already formed. The baby doesn't eat what he doesn't like. Needs the presence of parents, can express his desire with the most primitive words “give”, “go”, “no” and so on, understands what is being said to him, can call an adult, mom, dad and others. The development of a child month by month up to 1 year is a purely individual process. It is impossible to fit all children into the same norms and standards. Your baby may not reach the age of one year, but his vocabulary will have more words than it should. In any case, there is no need to panic. Moreover, the pediatrician will always tell you what to do. All you have to do is follow all the instructions and rejoice at every achievement of your child, and most importantly, love him.

Parents can independently assess the emotional and mental state of their child by the presence of basic reflex movements. Among the reflexes of a 1-month-old baby are:

If the above reflexes are present, the newborn develops normally. If one or more reflexes are absent, this is a bad sign, indicating inhibition in the postpartum period. In this case, you need to urgently show the newborn to the pediatrician.

Child development through exercises and games

• Talk to your baby. Even if at first it seems to you that the child is too small and cannot understand you, constantly talk to him - while feeding, changing clothes, bathing, resting
• Observation. Take a fairly bright object or toy, hold it in front of the child at a distance of 30-40 cm. When the baby concentrates, slowly move it in a circle, from side to side, making sure that the child watches the movement. After each type of movement, leave a little time to rest
• Mom's face. Help your baby focus his eyes on your face. Move slowly - the baby will turn his head after you.
• Mom's voice. If you move around the room where your baby is, call your baby by name to get his attention. When moving to another place, raise your voice again. This develops the child's hearing and helps orientation in space
• Massage. Since the time for outdoor games has not yet come, do massage and gymnastics. Start by stroking with light movements, stretch your feet, and straighten your arms and legs. The more tactile contact the baby feels, the calmer and more comfortable he feels.

You can try playing the following educational games in the first month of your baby’s life:

• "Faces"- on cardboard circles he draws faces with different emotions - smiling, sad, angry, etc. We attach each of them to a stick. We show each of them to the baby in turn at a distance of half a meter from the eyes. After waiting until he focuses his gaze on the object, we begin to move the toy from side to side;
• "Noisemaker""- we select sounding objects - bells, children's musical instruments, rattles - and show them to the child. The goal of the game is to develop auditory coordination so that the baby learns to determine the direction from which the sound comes;
• "Chattering"- emotional conversations with the baby, in which intonations will vary. Folk nursery rhymes, like “Ladushka-ladushka,” are perfect texts.

Before exercise, remember that the child must be fed, dry and alert. Also, do not be overly zealous with the time of practice - you should start with 1-2 minutes, gradually increasing to 4-5 minutes.

Possible problems in the first month of life

During the newborn period, the following problems may arise:

1. As soon as the newborn's umbilical wound heals, place the baby on his tummy before feeding. While he's lying down, give him a toy and give him a relaxing massage. This will help strengthen the muscles of the back, neck and shoulder girdle; improve bowel function. The baby will quickly learn to hold his head up, roll over and crawl!
2. Sometimes, in the 2nd week of life, bright red spots with a white center, about 1 cm in diameter, can be seen on the face and head of a newborn - this is a toxic reaction of the skin to the colonization of the intestines by microflora. The spots should disappear within a week. If the spots do not go away, contact your pediatrician!
3. To prevent the pacifier from ruining the bite, you need to give it up before 1.5 years! In addition to the development of an abnormal bite, a pacifier can worsen lactation, impair diction, lead to the development of otitis media due to increased pressure in the auditory tube during sucking, etc.
4. Newborns are full of hormones that they received from their mothers. This leads to the fact that infants of both sexes may have swelling in the chest area, and girls may experience “pseudo-periods” for some time. Both are normal.

Interesting facts about newborns and infants:

• After birth, the baby maintains the same position in which it was in the mother’s belly for the entire first month: the head is tilted forward, the arms and legs are bent, the fingers are clenched into fists. This position is ensured by the characteristics of the newborn’s nervous system.
• The body of a newborn differs in many ways from that of an adult. So, a baby breathes twice as fast as an adult, taking about 30 breaths per minute. A baby's heart rate is 130-140 beats per minute, while an adult's is 60-80. Such phenomena are natural and will go away on their own as you grow older.
• One of the reasons for the instinctive desire to kiss your child is to protect him from pathogens.
• Babies put everything in their mouth because that is where the most developed nerve endings are located.
• For the first few months, newborns see everything in black and white.
• If the mother experiences organ damage during pregnancy, the fetus sends stem cells to repair it.
• Babies can swallow and breathe at the same time.
• Most babies turn their head to the right side when lying on their back. Only 15 percent of newborns prefer to turn their head to the left side.
• Babies can almost instantly recognize their mother by the sound and smell of her. Visually, the child begins to distinguish her only after a few weeks.
• At birth, a child has 300 bones; with age, they combine to 206.
• May babies weigh on average 200 grams more than the thinnest June babies, and in general they have the highest body weight.

: weight and height

Newborn at 1 month life gains about 600 g, i.e., each new day brings an additional 20 g of weight to the baby. This is somewhat less than in subsequent months, since during the very first week of life, all healthy children necessarily “loss” in weight; they experience the phenomenon of weight loss (on average, the baby loses weight by 5–8?% of the initial weight). The reasons for this are the excretion of a fairly large amount of original feces (meconium) and the intake of a relatively small amount of milk in the first days of life while expending a significant amount of energy. It is interesting that children born on time (i.e., during a full-term pregnancy), but having a small body weight, can gain it more intensively in the first month, as if catching up with their initially more well-fed peers. But premature babies gain weight more slowly. The baby's height increases by an average of 3 cm in the first month.

Newborn at 1 month: how long to walk

Duration of stay in fresh air 1 month old newborn life is determined by the weather. In the summer, they begin to walk with the baby almost from the next day after being discharged from the maternity hospital. Walks begin with 20–30 minutes, their duration gradually increases, reaching 1.5–2 hours approximately a week after the baby is discharged, i.e., walks can take up almost the entire time between feedings.

In good weather, it is considered optimal to stay with a 1 month old newborn living in the fresh air at least twice a day. During the cold season, the baby is allowed to adapt at home for 2-3 days, and then he is also “brought out into the world.” Of course, paying attention to the air temperature (not lower than –10°C) and the absence of sharp wind. Walks begin with 10 minutes, gradually increasing the time spent outside to 30–40 minutes and even 1 hour, depending on weather conditions.

Newborn 1 month: baby's sleep

Dream 1 month old newborn life takes about 18 hours a day. Relatively speaking, a child of this age wakes up mainly only to eat. The wakefulness itself is quite short, limited to 15–20 minutes. It is not as active as in subsequent months of life, and, as a rule, precedes feeding. It is common for a one-month-old baby to fall asleep immediately after eating or even during feeding. Of course, the baby can wake up between feedings. As a rule, this happens when there is a “weighty” reason - a wet diaper, an uncomfortable position, a loud sound that wakes up the baby.

reflexes

Newborn 1 month old life is characterized by all unconditioned physiological reflexes that are considered “innate”. When examining such a baby, the pediatrician checks how well the baby grasps the finger, pushes off the palm with his feet while lying on his stomach, leans on his feet with support in an upright position, and other reflexes. In general, the child still lacks coordination of movements; they are chaotic.

By the end 1 month newborn, lying on his stomach, is able to hold his head elevated for a short time. In addition, there should be a short-term fixation of the gaze on a bright toy. By this time, the baby may begin to smile when addressed affectionately.

stool and urination

In the first days of life, the frequency of urination is small - from 1–2 on the first day to 8–15 on the 5th day. By the end of the first month, the baby may urinate 20–25 times per day. Rare urination in the first days of life is associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the baby’s kidneys, which are not yet functionally mature. And the amount of fluid consumed in the first days is small.

Chair 1 month old newborn life is very variable in frequency and character. In the first 1–2 days, thick greenish-brown stool called meconium is released. Then quite frequent, up to 6–8 times a day, variable in character (with greens, mucus, undigested lumps) transitional stools are noted. After 7–10 days of life, the baby's stool is yellow, mushy, and has a sour odor. The frequency of bowel movements ranges from 3 to 5–8 times a day.

In artificially fed children, stools, as a rule, are rarer - on average 3-4 times a day. If the baby receives mother's milk, which is very well absorbed, episodes of stool retention for 1–2 days may also be normal, not accompanied by bloating, regurgitation or restlessness of the baby.

baby food

As already said, 1 month newborn in general, it represents the time of adaptation of the child to extrauterine existence. This also applies to nutrition. A baby who is breastfed usually does not have a clear eating schedule. The baby eats as often as he wants. This is the free feeding mode. During the day, a baby in the first month of life is put to the breast on average 8–12 times. If the baby requires the breast more often, do not rush to panic. The baby is still developing its feeding schedule; it is quite possible that they will be more orderly after some time. It should be remembered that by frequently demanding the breast, the child not only receives drops of invaluable mother’s milk, but also satisfies his sucking reflex, which is very important for his proper neurological development.

A bottle-fed baby should receive an adapted formula 8 times a day at regular intervals in the first 2 weeks of life. Over the age of 2 weeks, the child is allowed (but not required) to take a night break, i.e. the frequency of feedings is 7 times a day with a 6-hour night rest. Typically, such children are offered a small amount of water to drink between feedings 1–2 times a day.

Calculation of the required daily amount of adapted formula for a baby during the first 7–10 days of life is carried out using the following formula: 80xn or 70xn, where n is the day of the child’s life. If the baby’s weight at birth was more than 3200 g, use the first version of the formula, if less, use the second. The resulting value is divided by the number of feedings, thus calculating the required one-time volume of the mixture.

After 10–14 days, the baby eats food per day equal to 1?/?5 of its weight.

vaccinations

While still in the maternity hospital, the baby normally manages to receive 2 vaccines – against hepatitis B (on the 1st day of life) and tuberculosis (on the 3rd–7th day). In the clinic newborn at 1 month Only those babies who belong to a special risk group are vaccinated again against hepatitis B (if their mothers are carriers of the hepatitis B virus, or are sick with hepatitis B, or suffered this disease shortly before giving birth). Also, at 1 month, children should receive a second dose of the hepatitis B vaccine if there are virus carriers or patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B in their home environment.

Which doctors should you visit?

At 1 month, the child goes to the children's clinic for the first time. In addition to the pediatrician, according to the recommendations of the current order, the baby should be examined by a neurologist, a pediatric surgeon and an orthopedic traumatologist. If there are indications, the list of specialists who examine the child at 1 month can be expanded. For example, the baby can be consulted by an ophthalmologist or cardiologist.

Necessary examinations

Newborn at 1 month is subject to mandatory ultrasound examination to identify pathology of the hip joints (dysplasia, congenital dislocation). In addition, ultrasound of the brain (neurosonography - NSG) and ultrasound of internal organs (most often abdominal organs, kidneys) are performed. According to the current examination standards, at the age of one month, each baby needs to have an electrocardiogram - ECG (graphic display of the biopotentials of the beating heart).

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During the first month of life, a person will have to get used to new living conditions and adapt to new living conditions. Now this is no longer a newborn human, but an infant. During this month he has quietly learned a lot, he can already do a lot.

Physical development

• By the end of the first month, the baby gradually ceases to assume the fetal position, moves more actively, and wiggles his arms and legs. All his movements are still unbalanced, but gradually they become more coordinated. This will take another 2-3 months.
• Some babies at 1 month manage to slightly raise their heads when they lie on their tummy. The child manages to hold his head for some time when he is held vertically.
• Lying on his tummy, he should be able to slightly raise his butt and head at the same time. If you place your palm under his heels at this time, he will push off from it and move forward a few centimeters.

Emotional development

• In the first four weeks of life, the child is already able to distinguish his mother’s voice from everyone else’s. He knows her smell, her touch very well.
• The baby copies everything he can see. Smile at him more often. And very quickly he will respond to your smile with a smile. And this will no longer be a reflexive, involuntary smile of a newborn, but a completely conscious one, intended specifically for you.
• At one month, he already looks at bright, stationary objects not far from his eyes for several minutes. He is already able to follow with his eyes the toy that is slowly passed before his eyes.
• The baby constantly copies the sounds that are addressed to him. At this age, the child begins to walk and responds when spoken to.
• At the age of one month, a child knows how to show his mood - by crying or smiling.
• The baby reacts to sounds, can determine where it comes from, and turn its head in that direction.

That’s how much, it turns out, the baby can already do! And you say - a month!

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What a 1 month old baby can do video

Video: Development of a newborn from birth to 1 month. What should I be able to do? How to develop a baby at this age? How to deal with the most common problems of this age (colic, burping, crying, etc.)

Almost all young mothers remember their return from the maternity hospital something like this: “I put the baby in the crib and realized with horror that I didn’t know what to do next...”. The first month of a child’s life is a kind of “baptism of fire” for young parents.

Mom and baby first day at home

The stress of the first days, when parents are left alone with the child, should be kept to a minimum. For this:

1. Set aside all other matters not related to the adaptation of the child and family to new living conditions. Other things can wait!
2. In the first days, minimize visits from strangers (co-workers, neighbors, friends). While in the maternity hospital, the baby and mother were in a stressful situation: the baby, being born, adapted to new living conditions, and the mother experienced strong emotions - from incredible pain, fear, anxiety to peace and happiness. Therefore, once at home, both are in dire need of care, comfort and attention.
3. On the first day of return, it is important for both mother and baby to maintain the baby’s feeding and sleeping routine established in the maternity hospital.
4. Right now, the mother will need the experience and skills she gained in caring for a child in the maternity hospital.

Don't be afraid if...

And now the baby is at home, and the parents have the opportunity to be constantly nearby and watch him. And here anxiety may arise: many small pimples have appeared on the nose and forehead, the complexion is red or yellowish, flaky skin has appeared, arms and legs can be bluish in color. Sometimes parents notice that the child’s eyes seem to “run in different directions,” are uncoordinated, or begin to “squint.” Anxiety is caused by the child's periodic crying, without the appearance of tears.

Yes, in fact, a newborn baby may have all these signs in the first month, but over time they will pass. This is the child’s adaptation to new conditions after intrauterine stay.

A normal complexion will appear within a week, and tears in babies will appear in 3-4 weeks.

There is no need to be afraid if the newborn’s head is somewhat deformed. This is due to its passage through the birth canal. Over time, the head will take a normal shape, for which it is enough to periodically turn the baby from one side to the other during sleep.

Crying is not always a manifestation of a painful condition. When a child cries, he or she attracts attention, asks for food, and indicates discomfort and a desire to sleep. Literally, in a week, the mother will perfectly learn to recognize the baby’s demands, transmitted through crying ().

Often an infant cries due to anxiety due to so-called intestinal colic, so we strongly recommend that you read the article? Because of colic, many mothers simply go crazy and do not understand what is bothering their baby so much.

The baby may also be bothered by gases:

Baby care

The first month of a child’s life is an adaptation period that the newborn and the family go through. At the same time, there is a redistribution of responsibilities between parents and the rhythm of life of the whole family changes.

The most important and important thing that the baby needs now is care. It involves a number of procedures:

• Feeding;
• Wakefulness;
• Bathing;
• Hygiene;
• Walking outside;
• Hardening and massage.

Video: Caring for a baby in the first days of life

Should I set a routine for my child?

A healthy child will establish the “sleep-feeding-wake” mode independently, depending on his physiology. Sleep (up to 2-3 hours), wakefulness (30-60 minutes) and feeding are the main “work” of a newborn. Don't worry if your baby doesn't fall asleep on time as you think. The fact is that the biorhythms of newborns are so clearly adjusted that parents can only maintain this rhythm, and having studied the baby’s behavior, they can very easily recognize the child’s “requirements”. By the end of the second month of life, the baby will have formed its own daily routine.

When to take your first bath

Bathing a newborn can be done after the umbilical cord falls off and the umbilical wound has healed. Until this moment, it is better to wipe the child, having previously prepared everything necessary: ​​warm water, changing table, cotton balls, baby soap, diapers for wrapping, cream and powder.

Parents choose their own bathing regime in the first month of life. The condition of the child's skin does not require daily bathing. This is, in most cases, a pleasant procedure for the newborn. However, not all children love to swim. In this case, carry out daily rubdowns. Bathing 2-3 times a week is enough. You can add herbal infusions to the water. The use of soap is also determined individually, based on the sensitivity of the baby's skin.

Video: first bathing of a newborn baby - tips

Mandatory hygiene procedures

Hygiene procedures must be carried out daily. This includes:

• Washing;
• Washing;
• Caring for eyes, nose, ears;
• Skin examination;
• If necessary, navel treatment ();
• Combing;
• Removal of seborrheic crusts on the head;
• Trimming nails on fingers and toes;

Read on the topic of hygiene and care:

Video: newborn hygiene - ears, eyes, nose, skin

Walking and hardening procedures are the key to health

Walking is important in the development of a healthy baby. The newborn took his first breath of air upon leaving the maternity hospital. In the future, walks will depend on the time of year and the temperature outside the window.

The system for regulating heat exchange in newborns is imperfect, so parents need to seriously consider the issue of walking in the cold season. In some cases, it makes sense to take the child out onto the balcony for a few minutes or let him sleep with the window open.

Until the end of sleep, the room should be warmed to normal temperature (). Naturally, the child must be dressed appropriately for such “walks”. Dress and cover your baby as you would and add another layer (for example, an extra blanket or cardigan).

From the second week of life you can start hardening and combining this in one procedure. To begin with, you can leave the baby in the vest for literally 1 minute, lightly stroking the entire body. If the child does not show dissatisfaction, this should become a daily procedure. Massage serves as a strengthening and developing tool for muscles.

Observe your child, study his behavior and in the future you will “feel” and easily understand him.

Video: walking with a newborn

Reflexes of a healthy baby in the first month of life

Parents can check at home themselves that the child’s development in the first month of life occurs in accordance with established standards. Below are the main reflexes inherent in healthy newborn babies.

1. Grasping - the child reflexively grasps and holds what touches his palm.
2. Searching and sucking - if you touch the baby's cheek or move the pacifier around the lip area, the baby turns his head and makes a sucking movement with his lips, looking for the breast.
3. If you press lightly in the area of ​​the toes, the toes will bend, and if you lightly press on the heel, the toes will fan out and the baby will move the foot.
4. A reaction to a loud sound appears - the baby moves his arms and legs together and spreads them apart.
5. Swimming reflex - if the baby is placed on his tummy, he makes movements similar to swimming.
6. Imitation of walking - if the child is placed upright and his legs are supported, he will make movements similar to walking.

Video: Newborn reflexes

Child's reactions and skills

The development of a child in the first month of life occurs as if imperceptibly, but constantly: during feeding, during walks, during waking moments, during bathing. And, first of all, when communicating with mother, whom the baby is already beginning to recognize. He hears her voice, feels her intonation, the touch of her hands and, most importantly, reacts very sensitively to all actions. And if you trace the development of a child in the first month, you can determine the acquired reactions and skills of a newborn, namely:

• Determines mom's voice;
• May lie on his stomach for a short time, raising his head, and try to hold it (