Consultation education of culturally hygienic skills in preschoolers. Consultation for parents: "How to develop cultural and hygienic skills of a preschooler

Education of cultural and hygienic skills

At teach children under the supervision of an adult, and then wash their own hands as they get dirty and before eating, dry their face and hands with a personal towel.

Learn to take care of yourself with the help of an adult. To form the skill of using individual items (handkerchief, napkin, towel, comb).

While eating, teach children to hold a spoon, a fork in their right hand, and use a napkin in a timely manner.

Teach children how to dress and undress. With a little help from an adult, learn to take off clothes, shoes (unfasten buttons in front, Velcro fasteners); neatly fold the removed clothes in a certain order; wear clothes and shoes correctly.

Mastering the basics of hygienic culture.

Washing. Follow the sequence of actions when washing hands and wash your hands yourself, resorting to the help of adults in certain actions that cause difficulty. Know your towel and use it. Notice dirty hands and wash them

Behavior at the table Skillfully use a spoon and fork. Eat by yourself, do not spill food. Use a napkin in a timely manner, put a spoon or fork on a plate after eating. At the common table, do not interfere with other children, do not use their appliances. Say "thank you" after eating. Respond to requests from an adult to help set the table or remove individual cutlery from the table.

Dressing. Dress yourself in the correct order. Politely ask the teacher for help. Know your locker, the order of folding clothes in the locker. Recognize your own things, not to be confused with the clothes of other children.

Caring for things, toys. Take care of toys, things, use them for their intended purpose. Participate with adults in taking care of things: help mom rinse handkerchiefs, etc.

Game skills. In games, independently reproduce a chain of interrelated game actions that reflect the processes of washing, dressing, eating.

Cultural and hygienic skills of the child.It is at preschool age that it is very important to instill in a child the habit of cleanliness, accuracy, and order. During these years, children can master all the basic cultural and hygienic skills, learn to understand their importance, easily, quickly and correctly perform them. Particular attention should be paid to children under five years of age, who usually find great pleasure in washing and dressing themselves. In children of senior preschool age, 5-7 years old, already acquired skills should be improved and their strict and correct implementation should be monitored. Skills and habits that are firmly formed in preschool age will last a lifetime.
When educating cultural and hygienic skills, the example of others is of great importance. If adults take a shower after morning exercises, then the child considers it natural to be obligatory. In a family where parents, older brothers and sisters do not sit down at the table without first washing their hands, and for the baby this becomes a law. But the general correct way of life in the family does not guarantee that the child will master all the skills available to him. Their upbringing must be given special attention.
First of all, it is necessary to ensure the constant, without any exception, the fulfillment by the child of the established hygiene rules. They explain their meaning to him. But it is equally important to help the child, especially at first, to learn the right skill correctly. So, for example, before you start washing your hands, you need to roll up your sleeves and lather your hands well. After washing your hands, rinse thoroughly with soap, take your towel, dry your hands dry. You should not rush the baby if he repeats the same action with concentration (for example, washing his hands). Moreover, you should not perform this action for him. Mastering a skill, the child usually seeks to repeatedly perform a certain movement. Gradually, he learns more and more independently and quickly cope with the task. The adult only reminds or asks if the child has forgotten to do this or that, and in the future provides him with almost complete independence. But it is necessary to check whether the child did everything correctly throughout the entire preschool age. Well-formed skills are performed by the child easily and quickly, on their own initiative, without reminders. If he forgets about any of them, for example, runs up and sits down at the table without washing his hands, then the slightest hint, a reminder, is enough for him (even somewhat embarrassedly) to correct his mistake. But if the child does not have the appropriate skills, then their implementation requires a lot of effort from him. Often there are unpleasant "negotiations" for both parents and for him: "Vanya, you forgot to wash your hands." - "They are clean." - "I still need to wash before dinner." - "I recently washed them" ... After a night's sleep and morning exercises, it is most useful for a child to take a shower. He washes his hands, face and refreshes the whole body under the jets of water. The water temperature (as with all general water procedures) should initially be close to body temperature. By the end of the shower, it can be reduced by 2 ° compared to the beginning, then again increased and again reduced. If there is no soul in the house or in the country, children from 3-4 years old should be taught to wash up to their waists in the morning. It is necessary that after showering or washing the child wipe himself dry. Once a week, the child is washed especially carefully (on this day, the head is also washed with soap). If the child does not take a shower or bath every day, then he should be bathed 2 times a week.
At preschool age, children should and can learn to wash their hands before eating, after using the restroom, after returning from a walk, playing with animals, and whenever they are dirty. Feet should be washed not only before a night's sleep (even if it was impossible to take a general water procedure), but also before a daytime one. It is especially important to observe this rule in the summer. Oral care is one of the personal hygiene skills that a child should learn at preschool age. From the age of three, the child should be taught to rinse his mouth, from the age of four - to brush his teeth correctly (from top to bottom - up, from the outside and inside) before going to bed at night. Rinse your mouth in the morning after waking up. Rinse your mouth with warm water after eating.
Hair should be combed at least twice a day (and with your own comb!). Does your child always have a clean handkerchief in his pocket? Does he know how to notice the disorder in the clothes, the lace is untied, the button is unbuttoned - and immediately eliminate them? Does he wipe his feet when he enters a room?Toddlers are characterized by a keen interest in the environment, activity, emotionality, the desire for independence - all this creates favorable conditions for the education of cultural and hygienic skills, which are of great importance for the development of children.

The presence of cultural and hygienic skills is an important condition for maintaining health, since compliance with the rules of personal hygiene protects against infectious diseases.

Repeating the same actions every day, the child improves movements: they become more accurate, dexterous, coordinated.

The child learns the world around him more widely, because, using different objects (spoon, napkin, etc.), getting acquainted with their properties (wet, dry, clean), comprehends simple connections between phenomena (did not bend over the plate - the shirt is dirty).

Cultural and hygienic skills contribute to the development of speech: the teacher, along with showing and direct help, uses the word (names the dishes, explains the action, indicates the main signs).

Thanks to cultural and hygienic skills, such psychological functions as attention and will develop, acquire strength and stability (this is due to the fact that young children require constant educational influence).

Mastering cultural and hygienic skills leads to the satisfaction of the desire for independence (which forms a positive attitude towards the processes of education).

Algorithm for the activities of the educator in the formation of self-service skills.

Questions for children:

Tell and show how to put on tights (shirt, fasten buttons, comb your hair).

Why can't you throw your things? Show me how to put things in the closet.

What should you say when you are being helped?

Tell me how to use cutlery, wipe your mouth with a napkin, how to sit at the table while eating.

The value of the formation of self-service skills is that the result is aimed at meeting personal needs.

Memo for parents on the formation of table behavior and eating habits in children of primary preschool age.

The child must be fed at a fixed time.

Give only what is appropriate for your age.

Children should be fed calmly, patiently, giving them the opportunity to chew food well.

Never force feed your baby.

Do not distract from eating by reading or playing.

Do not use rewards for eaten, threats and punishments for not eaten.

Should be encouraged:

the desire of the child to eat independently;

the desire of the child to participate in table setting and table cleaning.

Children must be taught:

wash hands thoroughly before eating;

chew food with a closed mouth;

eat only at the table;

correctly use a spoon, fork, knife;

getting up from the table, check your place, whether it is clean enough, if necessary, clean it yourself;

after finishing the meal, thank those who prepared it, set the table.

When instilling the habit of eating different foods in children, adults should be patient, since a positive attitude towards food in children takes a very long time to form, especially if there are no unanimous views on this matter in the family and kindergarten.

Algorithm for the activities of the educator for washing.

Target– learn how to wash yourself properly.

educational task- to cultivate personal hygiene skills, to teach to protect the work of adults, to cultivate polite relationships between children, a sense of camaraderie.

educational task- fix the sequence of washing, clarify why they wash, consider the properties of soap (fragrant, lather, foam).

Organization of childrenthere are 2 people near one washbasin, the teacher explains the sequence of washing, where to start, etc., shows himself.

Individual approachto slow children and to those who have recently joined the group.

Methods and techniques- display, control, use of sayings, nursery rhymes.

Washing:

Roll up your sleeves

Lather hands until lather

Take the right amount of water in your hands

Wash your face with both hands

Wash hands up to the elbow with soap

Wash your neck and ears

Wash your hands

Wipe your hands dry

Use a personal towel

Don't shake water off your hands

self-education material

educator GBOU d / s No. 218

Batina N.V.

Usually a restless and active child of preschool age can hardly sit in one place while his mother combs his hair or cuts his nails, does not like to wash his hair, brushes his teeth hastily, and then only after repeated reminders from adults. And how difficult it is for a child to wake up early in the morning and, going to kindergarten, dress on their own. We must remember what to wear, for what, to be able to fasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.

The child does not want to make an effort, transfers self-care activities to mom or dad. And parents themselves, when even the slightest difficulty appears in a child, rush to help. Of course, it is much easier and faster for a mother to wash the child herself and dress him than to wait until the child does it slowly and clumsily. And at the same time, it should be understood that in this way it forms a passive position in the child, inhibits the development of his independence and cultural and hygienic skills. Therefore, the child comes to kindergarten and cannot cope, helplessly asks the teachers: “help”, “fasten”, “dress”.

Therefore, instead of doing absolutely everything for the child, take care to provide conditions at home that are favorable for formation of cultural and hygienic skills in a child. Constantly repeat certain actions with your child until the skills are finally formed.

What should a child be able to do at different age stages of preschool age?

First of all, let us find out the sequence of formation of cultural and hygienic skills in a child of preschool age and skills that it is advisable to focus on.

So, already in the second year of life, children should be able to put their hands under the stream of water in the washbasin, wash off soap suds from their hands, dry themselves with a towel, drink from a cup, eat with a spoon, use a napkin, a handkerchief, and the like.

Three-year-old children should already eat independently and carefully, chew food thoroughly, hold a spoon correctly, roll up their sleeves before washing themselves, use soap, wash their faces, and wipe their faces with a towel. Children of younger preschool age should be taught to use cutlery (spoon, fork, knife), napkin, eat carefully, rinse their mouth after eating, brush their teeth properly, comb their hair, follow the rules for using personal hygiene items. Children of older preschool age are already able to independently control the observance of personal hygiene, behave culturally at the table, and the like.

How do you encourage your child to take care of themselves?

The favorable organization of conditions for carrying out hygiene procedures greatly encourages the child to be active and take independent care of himself. Therefore, in order to provide the child with convenience and comfort, create in the bathroom all the necessary conditions for this, in particular:

Attach the towel hook at child's height;

Place a low chair next to the washbasin, standing on which it will be convenient for the child to reach the tap with his hands;

Attach the handle to the wall above the bath so that the child can hold on to it with both hands while washing, washing feet, taking a hygienic shower;

Put a rug next to the bathtub so that the child does not slip.

Be sure to get your child his personal hygiene items: towels, a comb for combing hair, a toothbrush, baby soap, a washcloth, and the like. Give your child the opportunity to choose their own in the store. Children usually like things that are brightly colored, have interesting patterns, or have pictures of their favorite characters or cartoons.

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All personal hygiene items for a child should be selected taking into account his age capabilities and anthropometric characteristics. For example, the size of a bar of soap should correspond to the size of a child’s hand, there must be a loop on the towel so that the child can take and hang it with one movement, cups for a toothbrush should be stable, comfortable and safe; the comb should be selected with blunt teeth so as not to damage the delicate skin of the child.

What should parents remember when teaching their child to be careful?

Working on the formation of a child's explicit cultural and hygienic skills, remember a few important rules:

Haste and impatience of adults muffle the initiative of the child, his desire to be independent;

In the process of communicating with the child, express a positive attitude towards cleanliness and neatness as often as possible;

Organize sensitive moments in an interesting way - then the child will be willing to perform certain actions. During hygiene procedures, say, tell the child short didactic poems, take the child’s favorite toy with you to the bathroom, “which also wants to be neat”;

Encourage any children's manifestations of independence, even the most clumsy ones;

In no case do not criticize the child, only praise;

Do not leave the child unattended, even if he learns to perform this or that hygiene procedure on his own.

Don't expect your child to learn everything at once.

At the age of three, he will wash his face only on the condition that an adult will stand "over his soul."

At four years old, he will do the same if you remind him that every person needs to wash his face and brush his teeth. In addition, the child will certainly expect you to praise him for the correct performance of the action. The desire to earn praise is precisely the incentive that encourages a preschool child to self-care. And only then, when you form in the child the realization that there is a rule behind every action, when he learns a certain norm, then he will go to the bathroom on his own, because he will feel the need to be neat, to keep the body clean.

Therefore, in order to form any sustainable cultural and hygienic skills in a child, it will take not only a long time and your patience, but also support in the child of positive emotions from independently performing certain hygiene procedures. And, of course,

Advice for parents

"Education of cultural and hygienic skills in younger preschoolers"

G. Slavgorod

Advice for parents

Education of cultural and hygienic skills in younger preschoolers
From the first days of life, during the formation of cultural and hygienic skills, it is not just the assimilation of the rules and norms of a culture of behavior, but an extremely important process of socialization, the entry of a baby into the world of adults. You can’t leave this process for later - let the child remain a child for now, and you can accustom him to the rules later. This is the wrong opinion!
Cultural and hygienic skills are an important part of the culture of behavior. The need for neatness, keeping the face, body, hair, clothes, shoes clean is dictated not only by the requirements of hygiene, but also by the norms of human relations. Children must understand that respect for others is shown in observing these rules, that it is unpleasant for any person to touch a dirty hand or look at untidy clothes. A sloppy person who does not know how to take care of himself, his appearance, his actions, as a rule, is careless in his work.
Hygienic education and training is inextricably linked with the education of cultural behavior. From a very early age, children are taught to sit properly at the table while eating, eat carefully, chew food carefully, silently, be able to use cutlery, a napkin; teach what, what and how to eat; acquaint with varieties of dishes (tea, dining room); they teach how to set a table, draw attention to a given pattern of proper communication during a meal (talk in an undertone, in a friendly tone, do not speak with a full mouth, respect the requests and desires of children), pay attention to the beauty of a properly served table, causing a response emotional response.
Education of cultural and hygienic skills includes a wide range of tasks:
To develop cultural and hygienic skills, to form the simplest behavioral skills while eating, washing.
To form the habit of monitoring one's appearance, the ability to properly use soap, wash hands, face; wipe dry after washing, hang a towel in place, use a comb, handkerchief.
To form behavior skills at the table: use the right spoon, napkin; do not crumble bread, chew food with your mouth closed, do not talk at the table, do not talk with your mouth full.
To form initial ideas about the value of health, that health begins with cleanliness of the body, that cleanliness-beauty-health are inseparable concepts.
To form the need for hygiene and tidiness in everyday life.
Involve parents in maintaining and developing personal hygiene skills at home.
Enrich the subject-developing environment of the group.
To successfully solve these problems, it is recommended to use a number of pedagogical techniques, taking into account the age of children: direct teaching, demonstration, exercises with actions in the process of didactic games (“Let's feed the Katya doll”, “Bath the Katya doll”, “Let's teach the bear to wash”, “Let's teach Bunny to hold the spoon correctly "); a systematic reminder to children of the need to observe the rules of hygiene and a gradual increase in the requirements for them.
At a younger age, the necessary skills are best learned by children in games of specially directed content, however, for a more successful formation and consolidation of hygiene skills during the period of preschool childhood, it is advisable to combine verbal and visual methods, using special sets of materials for hygiene education in kindergarten, a variety of plot pictures , symbols.
The formation of cultural and hygienic skills is the first step in cultivating a culture of behavior. Work on the formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children is carried out in two directions: work with children and work with parents.
First of all, for the formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children, it is necessary:
1) Ensure the child's constant, without any exception, compliance with the established hygiene rules. They explain their meaning to him. But it is equally important to help the child, especially at first, to learn the right skill correctly. So, for example, before you start washing your hands, you need to roll up your sleeves and lather your hands well. After washing your hands, rinse thoroughly with soap, take your towel, dry your hands;
2) You should not rush the baby if he repeats the same action with concentration (for example, washing his hands). Moreover, you should not perform this action for him. Mastering a skill, the child usually seeks to repeatedly perform a certain movement. Gradually, he learns more and more independently and quickly cope with the task. The adult only reminds or asks if the child has not forgotten to do this or that, and in the future gives him almost complete independence. But it is necessary to check whether the child did everything correctly throughout the entire preschool age;
3) At preschool age, children should learn that they should wash their hands before eating, after using the restroom, after returning from a walk, playing with animals and whenever they are dirty;
4) Personal hygiene skills that a child should learn at preschool age include oral care. From the age of three, the child should be taught to rinse his mouth, from the age of four - to brush his teeth correctly (from top to bottom - up, from the outside and inside) before going to bed at night. Rinse your mouth in the morning after waking up. Rinse your mouth with warm water and after eating;
5) To consolidate the ability to use a comb, a handkerchief. It is necessary to teach children to turn away when coughing, sneezing, cover their mouth with a handkerchief;
6) Improve neat eating skills: take food little by little, chew well, eat silently, use cutlery (spoon, fork, knife), napkin correctly, do not talk while eating.
The main conditions for the successful formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children include a rationally organized environment, a clear daily routine, and adult guidance.
A rationally organized environment means the presence of a clean, fairly spacious room with the necessary equipment to ensure all regime elements (washing, eating, sleeping, directly educational activities and games).
For kids, the constancy of conditions, knowledge of the purpose and place of each thing he needs during the day is of particular importance. For example, in the washroom there should be a sufficient number of small sinks, each of which contains soap; sinks and towels are placed taking into account the growth of children; on a hanger above each towel - a picture. This increases the interest of children in washing.
The daily routine ensures the daily repetition of hygiene procedures at the same time, which contributes to the gradual formation of skills and habits of a culture of behavior. Their strengthening occurs in games, work, directly educational activities, in everyday life.
The formation of cultural and hygienic skills is carried out under the guidance of adults - parents, educator. Therefore, full coherence in the requirements of the preschool institution and the family must be ensured.
In order to teach a child to eat culturally, children are taught to master a number of actions carried out in a certain sequence (it is correct to sit at the table, not to talk, chew food with a closed mouth, use eating utensils, a napkin, etc.). For the gradual formation of the required skills, children are trained to perform the same actions under constant supervision.
As cultural and hygienic skills are mastered, they are generalized, detached from the object corresponding to them and transferred to a game, imaginary situation (“Mishka has dirty paws”, “Katya’s doll has a cold”), thereby influencing the formation of a new type of activity - games.
In the creative game (“Family”, “Hairdresser”), children reflect the relationships that develop in the course of everyday processes. The child treats the doll in the same way as parents treat him in appropriate situations. In the game, children imitate everyday activities (washing hands, eating), thereby reinforcing actions with household items (spoon, cup, etc.), and also reflect the rules that are behind the implementation of cultural and hygienic skills: doll clothes must be carefully folded Arrange the dishes on the table nicely.
Cultural and hygienic skills are connected not only with the game. They form the basis of the first type of labor activity available to the child - self-service labor. Self-service is characterized by the fact that the child's actions do not have a social motive, they are directed at himself. The development of cultural and hygienic skills affects not only play and work activities, but also the relationship of the child with adults and peers.
The kid still doesn't know how to do anything. Therefore, every action is given with great difficulty. And you don’t always want to finish what you started, especially if nothing works out. If adults rush to help the child at the slightest difficulty, free him from the need to make efforts, then very quickly he will form a passive position: “fasten”, “tie”, “dress”.
In the process of daily work with children, it is necessary to strive to ensure that the implementation of personal hygiene rules becomes natural for them, and hygiene skills are constantly improved with age. Hygienic education and training is inextricably linked with the education of cultural behavior. All information on hygiene is instilled in children in everyday life in the process of various activities and recreation, i.e. in each component of the regime, one can find a favorable moment for hygienic education.
For the effective hygienic education of preschoolers, the appearance of others and adults is of great importance. It must be constantly remembered that children at this age are very observant and prone to imitation, so the teacher should be a model for them.
To instill cultural and hygienic skills in children, the following are used: algorithms for dressing, washing, folding clothes in lockers, showing, example, explanation, explanation, encouragement, conversations, exercises in actions, game techniques, role-playing (“Family”) and didactic games (“Who needs what?”, “What is the object for”), imitation games (“We wash our hands”, “We dress for a walk”), solving problem situations (“The doll has dirty hands”, “Let's teach Dunno how to wash hands properly” , “Let's teach the doll Katya to dress”), nursery rhymes (“Vodichka, some water”, “It's time to sleep”, “Porridge from buckwheat”), poems (“Moydodyr”, “Fedorino grief”), fairy tales, coloring books, travel games (“ To the country of Chistyulia”), experimental games (“Clean-dirty”), viewing plot (“You can’t do this”) and subject pictures (“What is this and why?”).
In the education of cultural and hygienic skills, the unity of the requirements of the employees of the children's institution and parents is important. For this, oral magazines (“Why does a person need hygiene?”), Photo exhibitions (“I myself”), themed evenings, a business game, workshops (“How to teach a baby to dress?”, “How to teach a preschooler to wash properly”), parent meetings (“Cultural and hygienic skills of babies”), round table evenings, debates, consultations (“Education of independence in self-service”, “Personal hygiene of a preschooler”, “Education of cultural and hygienic skills”).
The kid does not immediately and with great difficulty acquire the necessary skills, he will need the help of adults. First of all, it is necessary to create the necessary conditions in the family: adapt a clothes hanger to the growth of the child, allocate an individual shelf or place on the shelf for storing toilet items (handkerchiefs, ribbons, socks), a permanent and convenient place for a towel, etc.
Teaching children should take into account their experience. It is impossible, for example, to start teaching a child to use a fork if he has not yet learned how to eat with a spoon correctly. Consistency in learning is very important. Thus, actions associated with undressing are more quickly mastered by children than actions with dressing; it is easier for a child to first learn to wash his hands, and then his face. The gradual complication of requirements takes the child to a new level of independence, maintains his interest in self-service, and allows him to improve his skills.
Cultural and hygienic skills need to be constantly reinforced, so one of the leading techniques in all age groups is the repetition of actions, an exercise, without which the skill cannot be formed. At the first stages of skill formation, one should check how individual actions or the task as a whole were performed, for example, ask before washing: “Show how you rolled up your sleeves” or after washing, see how clean and dry your hands are. Didactic games are a good form of exercise in mastering cultural and hygienic skills.
Particular attention should be paid to the game method, because the game is the leading activity of a preschool child, through the game the child remembers better and establishes causal relationships. The game allows the child to better understand the world around them. Using games, the educator reinforces the skills that are developed in everyday life in children.
Cultural and hygienic skills are an important part of the culture of behavior. Teachers and parents should always remember that the skills instilled in childhood, including cultural and hygienic ones, bring great benefits to a person throughout his subsequent life.

Svetlana Saldaeva
Consultation for parents "Formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children of middle preschool age"

Advice for parents

« Formation of cultural and hygienic

skills in children of middle preschool age»

Dear parents, do not forget that the key to success in strengthening and maintaining the health of your child is in reasonable physical, intellectual and personal development.

In the modern world, when there are so many temptations around a small person, only parents are able and must protect him from bad habits, malnutrition, a passive, sedentary lifestyle and other dangerous factors that shorten human life.

If you, parents now pay enough attention to the health of your child, then in the future he will definitely appreciate your care and attention to him, he will forever be grateful to you for the most important gift in the life of every person - health ...

Along with the organization of the correct regimen, nutrition, hardening, a large place in the work of the kindergarten is given to the education of children cultural and hygienic skills, habits. The health of the child, his contacts with others largely depend on this.

TO cultural and hygienic skills include:

-skills to maintain the cleanliness of the body;

-cultural food;

Maintaining order in the environment;

-Cultural relationships of children with each other and with adults.

Cultural and hygienic skills and habits to a large extent formed during preschool age, since the central nervous system of the child is highly plastic, and the actions associated with eating, dressing, washing, are repeated every day and repeatedly. In kindergarten children we teach to wash hands after a walk, after using the toilet. But those children from whom this is not required at home usually need reminders. These skills can be formed in a child and will become a habit only if all the surrounding adults make the same demands on him. Young children are very receptive, prone to imitation, they easily master various actions. But for these actions to take root, become habitual, it takes time. Over time, he will need to follow these rules even when there is no control from the elders. To teach a child to follow the rules of hygiene means to protect his body from many infectious diseases. The child must firmly grasp that one cannot sit at the table with unwashed hands, one cannot eat unwashed fruits and berries.

Skills hand washing and personal hygiene include the ability to wash the face, ears, arms:

Roll up sleeves;

Open the faucet;

Wet hands;

Take soap, lather until foam appears;

Wash off the soap;

Close the tap;

Squeeze hands;

Dry your hands with a towel;

Carefully hang the towel in your cell.

Drop sleeves.

Many rules cultural food dictated concern for human health. Teach your child to use a fork correctly, do not be afraid to give him a knife (certainly not too sharp, with a blunt end). Let the child get used to eating, holding the fork in the left and the knife in the right hand. This skill is easy to develop in childhood and is fixed for life. Remind the child that food should be taken little by little, then it is easy to chew it, that sitting with a mouth full of food that does not fit out of it is very ugly and it is unpleasant for the neighbors on the table to see. If you want to teach your child to use a napkin, do not forget to put napkins on the table. If the child leaves the table without thanking him, remind him of this. Remind also to thank adults and children for their help the attention given to him.

Skills neat meals include skill:

Properly use a tablespoon and teaspoon, fork, napkin;

Do not crumble bread;

Chew food with your mouth closed;

Do not talk with a full mouth;

Quietly leave the table at the end of the meal;

Thank;

Use only your device.

It is difficult to teach a child to use a handkerchief if he does not always have a clean handkerchief and is accustomed to doing without it. Therefore, do not forget to give it to your child or remind him to take out a clean handkerchief himself. Engage son (daughter) to washing and ironing his handkerchiefs.

Learning to use the nasal handkerchief:

Know the purpose of the handkerchief;

Do not use it as a subject of the game;

Be calm about the procedure for using the handkerchief for its intended purpose;

Find a handkerchief in the pocket of a dress, jacket, shirt, coat, etc.;

Take your handkerchief out of your pocket and use it (if necessary ask for help);

Gradually form the ability to unfold and fold a scarf, carefully put it in your pocket;

Pay attention to the cleanliness of the handkerchief.

Learning to use a comb:

Know your comb and where it lies;

Show the functional purpose of the comb and develop the habit of using it;

Teach calmly, treat the combing procedure, repeat it as needed (after sleep, after a walk, after wearing a hat, etc.);

Allow the child to exercise independence based on his desire ( "I myself!");

transfer skill using a comb in a game situation (with a doll, repeating a familiar action in a plot-display game;

Avoid using someone else's comb.

Children should be required to rinse their mouth after eating, brush their teeth (before bedtime). This habit, cultivated in childhood, helps keep teeth in good condition for years to come. You can often see how parents, noticing that the child looks sloppy, they immediately begin to tuck in a loose shirt, fasten buttons, etc. And very rarely you can hear how dad or mom He speaks: “Look at you, how messy you look! Get yourself in order". In the first case, the child gets the idea that adults are responsible for his neatness and tidiness, and if something goes wrong, they will fix everything. In the second, the child feels that if he looks sloppy, it is unpleasant for others and he must take care of his appearance himself. Only with such an attitude on the part of adults can a child develop the habit of accuracy.

Children middle preschool age usually do not forget to say hello when coming to kindergarten, and say goodbye when leaving home. But sometimes you have to be reminded of this too. Politeness, attention to a person require that, saying goodbye, greeting, preschooler called the name and patronymic of the person to whom he is addressing (the teacher, the nanny, so that he looks at the same time in the face. It’s good if the family accepts to wish relatives and neighbors good morning, good night. Adults should set an example in this.

It is necessary to accustom children behave discreetly in public places: on the street, cinema, theater, transport, etc. Children should not talk loudly, start fuss, run, demand that they free up a seat by the window. The child should be explained that with his unrestrained behavior he can interfere with others, that it is necessary to reckon with people who are nearby. Children should not abuse the care and attention that adults surround them with. From an early age, you need to teach a child to restrain his desires if they run counter to the desires of others. We often justify the selfish behavior of the child by the fact that "He is still small". child middle age can be taught the culture of activity, the ability to prepare everything you need, not to be distracted, to bring what you have started to the desired result, to handle things carefully. Here a huge role is played by demonstration, clarification, an example of an adult. Show your child how, in what sequence, by what methods one or another thing should be done. Encourage your child to take part in the work of adults. Working together with adults, children learn from them rational methods of labor and its organization.

In order for the skill mastered by the child to improve, become familiar to him, exercise is needed. Adult supervision and reminders are needed here. Such a reminder is done in a friendly, calm, but firm tone. The most difficult children learn the rules of relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to remind the son and daughter more often that they should greet first, that one should not enter someone else's room without knocking, that one should give way to the elders, etc. We, adults, need to remember that the habits formed are very persistent, and we should not waste time , which is most favorable for formation positive habits.

Nadezhda Kotik
Consultation for educators "Education of cultural hygiene skills in preschoolers"

Advice for kindergarten teachers

"Education of culturally hygienic skills in preschool children ta"

Over the centuries, from generation to generation, adults, wise by life experience, pass on their knowledge to children. Children, imitating the experience of adults, transform it from generation to generation, this is how development or evolution takes place. The educators themselves, adults called to teach and edify, are in constant search for new techniques, methods and technologies in order to provide children with the opportunity to become "pioneers of the world" themselves, to find answers to emerging questions themselves.

In order for a child to confidently walk through life, to learn about the world around him, to interact with adults and peers, to develop, he needs to be independent, be able to serve himself without outside help, in other words, he must have cultural and hygienic skills (KHS).

In all educational programs of preschool education, the tasks of educating children in cultural and hygienic skills are indicated, which become more complicated from age to age. What methods and techniques used by the teacher will help the child to master the much-needed skills.

Techniques for educating KHNs in children.

The use of game techniques that evoke positive emotions in kids contribute to easier memorization and consolidation of the necessary actions. For example, while continuing to develop the child's washing habit, the teacher, on behalf of the bi-ba-bo doll, communicates with the child. Asks the child to teach Piggy how to roll up his sleeves, wet his hands, lather them, etc.

A fairy-tale or cartoon character, for example, Luntik, who came to the children and lives in a group, also learns from the KGN children, evaluates the actions of the children.

Reading rhyming lines gives a good result in teaching self-care skills. For example, showing washing techniques, the teacher says:

Bul-boo-boo gurgles water,

All children love to bathe.

Pure water flows

We know how to wash ourselves.

Create interest in the subject.

For example, while washing, the teacher gives the children new soap in a beautiful wrapper, offers to unfold it, examine it, smell it: “What a smooth, fragrant soap! How well does this soap lather? Let's check?"

An effective technique is to show dramatizations with the help of toys.

You can come up with a variety of plots “How Masha learned to wash her hands”, “How Piggy had lunch”, “How the bunny lost his handkerchief”, etc.

A young child needs praise and a vivid display of feelings. You should always take into account the individual characteristics of the child, try to eliminate the feeling of his failure. It is important to have a sensitive, affectionate, friendly attitude towards the baby.

It is necessary to encourage children's attempts to help each other, but cases of simulation should not be ignored: "Sasha, he will fasten his shoes, he already knows how to do it, and Dasha will help someone who has not yet learned."

In relation to a child who first came to kindergarten, the same techniques and methods should be used as at an early age: a phased demonstration of individual actions performed together with the teacher and accompanied by clear, understandable explanations.

Working with kids on the formation of self-service skills requires time and patience from the teacher. The educator must constantly remember that bad habits are quickly inculcated, but it is much more difficult to unlearn them.

Techniques for educating KGN in children of the middle group.

Many children of 5 years of age have a decrease in interest in self-care, as they no longer see it as a novelty. Children correctly justify why it is necessary to wash their hands, comb their hair, etc. But the behavior of the children often does not coincide with their ideas. Therefore, in working with preschoolers, the main ones are playing techniques that are interesting for them, entertaining and at the same time educational material.

Pictures depicting funny little animals engaged in self-service.

Guessing riddles about personal hygiene items.

Fascinating games and exercises such as “We won’t say what we are doing, we’d better show it!”, “guessing”, “recognizing”.

The use of the artistic word. For example: Bobik, you are so shaggy!

Do not comb the fur with your paw.

Here, take a comb.

And fix your hair.

Explanation and demonstration of the method of action.

Positive example, praise.

A soft, benevolent reminder.

Involving children in the analysis of the results of labor, an objective assessment of the activities of each child.

It is important to provide preschoolers with more autonomy in self-care. On specific examples, teach to draw conclusions, establish cause-and-effect relationships: if you don’t roll up your sleeves for some reason, you will have to walk around with wet ones.

Techniques for educating KGN in children of senior preschool age.

A reminder of the expediency of action.

Children themselves control the order in the cabinets.

Game techniques are appropriate (poems, riddles, jokes, etc.).

Competitive tricks.

Self-esteem.

Used Books:

1. Education and training in the second junior group of kindergarten. Program and methodical recommendations. / Comp. M. B. Zatsepina. - M .: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2006.

2. Education and training in the middle group of kindergarten. Program and methodical recommendations. / Comp. V. V. Gerbova. - M .: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2006.

3. Education and training in the senior group of kindergarten. Program and methodical recommendations. / Comp. O. A. Solomennikova. - M .: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2006.

4. Education and training in the second junior group of kindergarten. Program and methodical recommendations. / Comp. T. S. Komarova. - M .: Mosaic - Synthesis, 2006.

Related publications:

Consultation "Education of cultural and hygienic skills" Consultation. “Education of cultural and hygienic skills” (from personal experience) The topic of protecting the life and health of children is of concern today.

Memo for parents "Education of cultural and hygienic skills" Memo for parents "Education of cultural and hygienic skills" Well, what a slob! - in the hearts exclaims another parent, as if he were.

Reminder for parents. Education of cultural and hygienic skills. Means and techniques for the formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children of primary preschool age in the conditions of the "Children's Home." Memo.

Consultation for educators "Situational conversations on the formation of cultural and hygienic skills" (middle age) Situational conversations with children of middle preschool age on the formation of cultural and hygienic skills (washing) From work experience.