Decorative appliqué based on the Chuvash ornament. Bogateeva, Zumera Abdulovna - Motifs of folk ornaments in children's applications

MUNICIPAL BUDGET INSTITUTION OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

PALACE OF CREATIVITY OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

"Application as a kind of activity for preschool children"

Lavrentieva Ludmila Konstantinovna - additional education teacher;

Edited by Glushchenko N.N. - Deputy director for scientific and methodological work.

Introduction……………………………………………………………………….

Appliqué as a kind of folk arts and crafts……………………................................................... ...............................

Geometric ornament in children's applications…………………………………………………

Bibliography…………………………………………………………….

Introduction

Man by nature is an artist. He is everywhere

One way or another, he strives to bring beauty into his life ...

Beautiful things educate

creative imagination of people and respect for their work.

M. Gorky

Folk art occupies a special place in the national culture of the country. It reflects the originality, artistic genius of the people: its poetry, fantasy, figurative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings; sings the best features of the national character.

For centuries, the people have sought to express their attitude to life, love for nature, their understanding of beauty in an artistic form. Products of arts and crafts that children see reveal to them the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn the customs passed down from generation to generation, teach them to understand and love beauty.

The ornamental basis of folk art is close and accessible to preschoolers for perception and display in creative activity. Bright and pure colors of patterns, symmetry and rhythm of alternation of forms attract children, make them want to reproduce what they saw.

These methodological recommendations consider the sequence of complication of patterns during their reproduction by preschool children in the classroom and in independent artistic activity. They are addressed to teachers of additional education and will help in teaching preschool children in creating more complex variants of geometric ornaments.

Application as a kind of folk arts and crafts

Among the diverse types of folk ornament, the most accessible for perception and depiction by preschool children is appliqué, the oldest way of artistic design of products made from felt, leather, fur, cloth, birch bark, paper. In addition, the sequence of complication of patterns during their reproduction by preschool children in the classroom and in independent artistic activity is considered.

Folk arts and crafts have great potential for variative interpretation of the composition of the ornament, which is distinguished by the symmetry and balance of its elements.

Color is essential in ornamentation. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that certain phenomena, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one or another color in the human mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with the red color that the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bjoy, fun, triumph and happiness is associated. It evokes in our minds associations with the sun, the source of all life on Earth.

When selecting motifs of folk ornament to reproduce them in children's applications, one must take into account the availability of image techniques and the degree of expressiveness of patterns in patterns.

For example, in the application, ornaments made up of combinations of geometric shapes look expressive: squares, triangles, stripes, rosettes of different colors (Fig. 2);

they decorate towels, belts, fabrics, carpets. Performing applications based on folk ornaments, children learn to understand the principles of artistic generalization, learn the techniques of creative improvisation of decorative images, learn to see combinations of colors in ornaments, compare shapes, sizes, position of elements on the plane of an object.

Disclosure of the specifics of decorative art should go in close cooperation with the formation of aesthetic perception and feelings of children, the development of their needs in recreating the beautiful, educating them with respect for works of folk art. To perform applications on samples of folk ornaments, you can use geometric, floral (Fig. 3)

and horn-shaped figures, widespread in the arts and crafts of different peoples. These figures and their simplest combinations in patterns can be performed by children 5-7 years old. Considering geometric ornaments, mastering the ability to cut narrow and wider stripes, squares, triangles, circles and ovals is provided, including them in the content of patterns. In older children, these skills are reinforced by teaching them to create more complex geometric shapes and their pattern combinations. When planning appliqué classes, the teacher must draw up visual samples, inscribing patterns of geometric shapes into the silhouettes of traditional national items: scarves, aprons, hats, belts, (Fig. 4) bags, carpets (Fig. 5.6).

When selecting and compiling samples based on folk ornaments, the teacher must take into account the following provisions:

Elements of ornaments should realistically display images of plants, birds and other elements familiar to children, not excluding some features of generalization, fabulousness in their interpretation. The fabulous interpretation of natural objects in patterns is a kind of reality transformation technique, which forms the basis of the creative activity of folk craftsmen.

Preschoolers are attracted to products, the decoration of which has a brighter color, is made up of combinations of contrasting tones in various combinations.

3. The compositional structure of the samples must be clear. It should easily guess the rhythm, the order of alternation of elements in color, size, shape, the symmetry of the arrangement of parts, depending on the configuration of the surface of the decorated object. (Fig. 7)

Samples of appliqués should not distort the outlines of the original ornamental motifs, the layout of elements in terms of composition, color and other features, which, however, does not mean accuracy, copying of ornaments. Adhering to the main features of the folk sample, the teacher can vary the color characteristic, the ratio of elements in size, location on the decoration plane in different ways.

Geometric ornament in children's applications

In Russian folk arts and crafts, geometric ornament has become widespread. The variety of design of decorative and applied art products lies mainly in countless combinations of the same shapes (circle, rhombus, square, triangle, rosette) (Fig. 8)

Thanks to the use of bright colors and various shapes in them, an original decoration is created. Large squares are rhythmically repeated and filled with a geometric figure from the halves of the same squares connected by verticals. Red, blue, black, purple, white, orange tones alternate in them and create the extraordinary beauty of the pattern. These local features of the use of color characterize the features of the decoration of folk costumes and everyday and festive items. Three groups of elements were selected to display elements of Russian folk weaving by preschoolers. The first includes simple combinations of triangles, squares and stripes by matching them with each other in one or more rows. The second group includes varieties of crenate figures obtained by combining narrow stripes. The third group is made up of combinations of geometric shapes that form stylized rosette flowers. Squares are cut out of strips, the width and length of which should allow you to get the right number of elements to build a pattern. And triangles are obtained by cutting a square blank in half diagonally. (Fig. 9)

The sequence of displaying the motifs of folk ornaments in the application provides for mastering the skills, firstly, to depict individual elements according to the model and the teacher's demonstration of cutting techniques, and secondly, to create combinations of elements in the application according to the patterns of composition and color adopted in the art of a given people, based on examining products and variable samples, thirdly, to creatively use the acquired skills and motives of folk samples when performing applications according to the plan. In addition, children should be given the necessary set of colored paper, allowing them to choose the right combinations not only to their liking, but also on the basis of the learned traditions of folk art. For a more complete development of creative abilities, children should be given silhouettes of products of various colors and shapes, sheets of multi-colored paper. Each child must independently choose both the base and the elements of the ornament, try different techniques and methods of ornamentation to create an original version of the appliqué solution.

When composing decorations from multi-colored paper based on folk ornaments, you can use the technique of decorative mosaic. (Fig. 10).

Paper mosaic can be made from more layers. The ease of processing paper, its flexibility when folding and cutting out, allows you to get many color options for the same pattern.

Different forms of using folk ornaments, a combination of different types of children's activities in creating patterns allow children to diversify the beauty and originality of decorative art, help them understand the specific language of folk art and culture.

Folk decorative art is an integral part of Russian folk culture and actively influences the formation of artistic tastes.

Bibliography

Bogateeva Z. A. Motives of folk ornaments in children's applications. - M.: Enlightenment, 1986 - 207 p.

Decorative motifs and ornaments of all times and styles. - Moscow.: Astrel, 2010 - 224 p.

Lavreshina Anastasia Vladimirovna, student of the 2nd "a" class, KSU "Basic school No. 2 of Serebryansk", Republic of Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Serebryansk

Leader: Lavreshina Irina Georgievna; primary school teacher, deputy director for water resources management of KSU "Basic School No. 2 of Serebryansk"; Republic of Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Zyryanovsky district, Serebryansk

Based on folk ornaments

Calendar work plan:

My doll during the game asked me to dress her up very beautifully. I drew a dress, a scarf, a hat, boots for her, but she did not like it, because the things were not elegant, beautifully decorated. In the book that I came across, there are a lot of interesting pictures with beautifully decorated shirts, belts, scarves, mittens. They were decorated with ornaments of different nations. It became interesting to me: how do the ornaments of one nation differ from the ornament of another nation and how are they similar, and in general, what are they for? I liked the bright colors of the patterns so much that I wanted to do what I saw with my own hands.

Target : development of interest in folk art

Tasks:

1. Get acquainted with the ornaments and its characteristic features on the example of the art of some peoples living on the territory of the republic.

2. To develop the need to create beauty and master the skills of depicting folk ornaments.

3. To cultivate a caring attitude to the works of folk art, to form aesthetic perception and feelings

Hypothesis: knowledge of the features of the ornament of a particular nation contributes to the development of interest in folk art, the desire to create something with one's own hands and, of course, friendship between people of different nations.

The following methods were used in the work.: analysis of sources on the problem, comparison, practical exercises in mastering the skills of depicting folk ornaments.

Folk ornament in applications

Folk artists draw the content of ornaments from the surrounding life, but they do not just copy its images, but distracting from the individual characteristics of a particular flower, bird, animal or insect, they freely process them into decorative forms. But, despite the fact that in the ornaments the images are transmitted flat, their real forms and proportions change, the natural ratio of sizes is violated. Patterns are endowed with juicy color, the thrill of life. They are real in their own way.

Color is essential in ornamentation. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that certain phenomena, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one or another color in the human mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with red that ideas of joy, fun, triumph and happiness are associated. It evokes in our minds joyful associations with the sun, with the source of all life on Earth.

In products created by folk craftsmen, in most cases, a colored background is used, which enhances the sound of the ornament, softens it, creating a rich color palette in general. Such examples abound in Russian embroideries, Uzbek suzani, Moldavian carpets, Tatar patterned shoes, headdresses, Ukrainian multi-colored paper clippings, Kyrgyz felt products.

Elements of folk ornament

To make applications based on the images of folk ornaments, geometric, floral and horn-shaped figures are used, which are widespread in the arts and crafts of different peoples.

geometric ornament

Geometric shapes - narrow and wider stripes, squares, triangles, circles and ovals. Patterns of geometric shapes were part of the silhouettes of traditional national items. Scarves, aprons, hats, belts, bibs, bags, carpets

Floral patterns in the ornament

Floral ornaments serve as a means of artistic decoration of such items as trays, vases, hats, aprons, shoes, belts, towels, walkways, etc. The features of their decorations can be widely used in the practice of teaching children how to use appliqués to create a variety of ornamental compositions.

In ornamentation with the use of plant forms, the symmetrical image of the pattern, achieved by bending the workpiece into parts, is of great importance. This helps to convey such qualities in applications. The proportionality of their distribution from the middle axis and the center, the same structure and shape of repeating elements.

Horn-shaped elements in the ornament.

In the ornamental art of the peoples engaged in cattle breeding, horn-shaped figures became widespread. In the form of a horn-shaped curl, cruciform, rhomboid or eight-pointed forms with horn-shaped branches. Such elements find artistic expression in the patterned design of various household items, clothing, and footwear. Most often, these ornaments are made using the technique of appliqué or mosaic from soft materials.

Motifs of Russian geometric ornament

In Russian folk arts and crafts, embroidery, carving and painting on wood, weaving. Lace weaving, knitting and other types of geometric ornaments are widely used. The variety of design of products of decorative and applied arts lies mainly in countless combinations of the same figures of a circle, rhombus, square, triangle, rosette. Thanks to the use of bright colors and various shapes in them, an original decoration of wooden window frames and gables of houses, furniture, household utensils, and clothes is created. Elements of Russian folk ornament can be widely used in the design of applique silhouettes of traditional household items. Spinning wheels, towels, valances, aprons, tuesks, ladles, salt shakers, pillowcases, etc. They are made of colored paper in characteristic combinations of white with red, blue and green, red with blue and yellow, yellow with red and green.

Kalmyk geometric patterns

The main feature of Kalmyk ornaments is the reticulation of the pattern. This is achieved by a combination of light and dark squares. Rhombuses and triangles. They are arranged in a ribbon order when decorating belts, Kamchatka caps in the form of a cap. Borders of beshmets or sleeveless jackets and other items of the Kalmyk costume. The decorativeness of simple compositions is achieved by a contrasting combination of yellow elements with white, red with green and white.

Kalmyk ornaments are built mainly on the principle of the interaction of individual parts with the color of the background on which they are located. The background in the general color system plays an active role. In decorating things, the color of the background and the ornament interacted with each other.

Bashkir ornaments

The main elements of Bashkir geometric patterns are quite diverse. Among the heart-shaped, spiral, wavy figures, there are often squares, serrated lines and complex combinations of these elements. Their brilliance with simplicity of outlines is achieved mainly by bright and warm colors. The compositional structure of Bashkir jewelry is symmetrical, due to the peculiarities of the shape, purpose and size of the product. The patterns are arranged either in the form of borders, or as separate rosettes, or even as a continuous grid. Such ornaments are used to decorate towels. Aprons, scarves, tablecloths, koumiss, boots.

Applications based on ornaments of the peoples of the North

The applications of the peoples of the North, made of fur, leather, and suede, are distinguished by restrained beauty and rigor. In natural combinations of tones of brown with white, dark gray with light gray, reddish-red with white, the mean beauty of northern nature is warmly and gently displayed. Elements of the ornament are sewn in the form of separately created closed figures included in a square, rhombus, rectangle.

Ukrainian folk ornament

In this ornament, figures are used, in which the signs of similarity with the natural forms of plants are most clearly displayed. Tulip, mallow, carnation. catchment area. They are made using traditional techniques for Ukrainian craftsmen. Changes in the structure of the petals. Their number and color, gluing several figures on top of each other. The combination of red and blue, crimson, yellow, purple, green tones on a light background of the product emphasizes the festivity and elegance of the pattern.

Kazakh folk ornament

The artistic traditions of Kazakh appliqués are determined by the decoration of felt carpets (syrmaks, tuskiiz, tekemets), bags for storing dishes (ayak kapov), leather belts, vessels for koumiss (torsyk), cases for bowls. Various variations of the “ram's horn” motif are skillfully woven by craftswomen into the peculiar contour outlines of these products. Elements of the Kazakh ornament are widely used in the patterned decoration of many items. So, border decorations are used for belts, carpet border, braid for tightening the skeleton of the yurt (bau). Figures with curls most often fit into the central field of carpets, chest covers, bags.

Tatar folk ornament

Tulip motifs of various shapes and colors. Basic colors: Green, blue, yellow, red, white.

Kyrgyz folk ornament

For Kyrgyz patterns, elements with horn-shaped curls are characteristic. What is important is the correct organization of the combination of the pattern with the background, their clear consistency.

Estonian folk ornaments

Geometric designs are widely used in Estonian embroidery, leather embossing, woven products and wood inlays. Geometric ornaments consist of combinations of triangles, squares, circles, stripes. They decorate carpets, fabric covers, towels, belts, hats, ribbons, etc. Intense shades of bright red, blue, green, yellow, crimson tones predominate.

Conclusion

In the course of the work, we came to the conclusion: Acquaintance with folk art, in particular, knowledge of the features of folk ornaments helps to better understand the culture and traditions of different nations, form a sense of friendship and mutual assistance.

References

1. Bogateeva Z.A. Motifs of folk ornaments in children's applications. Enlightenment 1986

2. Sakulina N.P., Komarova T.S. Methodology for teaching fine arts and design Enlightenment 1979

“Man by nature is an artist. Everywhere, one way or another, he strives to bring beauty into his life ...

Beautiful things bring up creative imagination, respect for the people who create such beauty, pride in their Motherland, which has raised such amazing miracles - craftsmen.

Maksim Gorky.

The main directions of the education reform are aimed at the formation of high ideological and moral-patriotic qualities, hard work, aesthetic culture among preschoolers, at raising children in the spirit of love for their multinational Motherland, in the spirit of internationalism and fraternal friendship between peoples, respect for national dignity, national culture.

The formation of Russia, based on relations of genuine equality, mutual assistance and cooperation, respect and mutual trust among peoples, has opened up wide opportunities for the manifestation of talents and gifts, the flourishing of the culture of all nations and nationalities.

Folk art in the national culture of Russia occupies a special place. It reflects the originality, artistic genius of the people: its poetry, fantasy, imaginative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings, sings of the best features of the national character - courage, humanity, devotion to the Motherland, honesty, heroic strength, optimism.

For centuries, the people have sought to express their attitude to life, love for nature, their understanding of beauty in an artistic form. Products of decorative and applied art that children see reveal to them the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn the customs passed down from generation to generation.

The ornamental basis of folk art is close and accessible to preschoolers for perception and display in creative activity. Bright and pure colors of patterns, symmetry and rhythm of alternation of forms attract children, make them want to reproduce what they saw.

Among the various types of folk ornament, appliqué is the most accessible for perception and depiction by children.

Appliqué is the oldest way of artistic design of items made of felt, leather, fur, cloth, birch bark, paper.

The main forms of ornamentation of products developed in close interaction with the uniqueness of the history of the culture of the people, with the peculiarities of their lifestyle and way of life, labor activity, the surrounding nature, climatic conditions and the availability of natural materials.

Color is essential in ornamentation. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that the definition of a phenomenon, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one or another color in the mind of a person. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament give preference to red material. It is with the red color that the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bjoy, fun, triumph and happiness is associated. It evokes in our minds associations with the sun, the source of all life on earth.

Let us dwell on the peculiarities of the folk ornament in the applications of the peoples of Russia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, the predominant nationalities in our Republic of Bashkortostan. To perform appliqués based on samples of folk ornaments, you can use geometric, floral, horn-shaped figures.

Application

based on Russian ornament.

In Russian folk arts and crafts (later n.d.i.) - embroidery, carving and painting on wood, lace-making, knitting and other types - has become widespread geometric ornament. Thanks to the use of bright colors and various shapes in them, an original decoration of wooden window frames and gables of houses, furniture, household utensils, and clothes is created. The image of circles and rosettes is especially common - our distant ancestors depicted the sun in this way.

Motifs of woven ornamentswhich are based on simple and colorful combinations of geometric shapes from squares, rhombuses, triangles and stripes. In different regions of Russia, stable features of patterned weaving were created. In their products, paints sounded as a single, unified chord. Some motifs of geometrized decorations of such traditional items of Russian folk life as spinning wheels, tueskas, ladles are also suitable for applications.

Applications from plant elements of Russian folk embroidery.

In Russian folk art, embroidery has become widespread. She has long been decorated with tablecloths, napkins, towels, linen.

Many floral motifs of Russian folk embroideries are excellent visual art material for appliqués. The clarity and decorativeness of the constituent elements of embroidery, the diversity and locality of its coloring, the open rhythmic structure of the embroidery pattern are available for reproduction by children of senior preschool age.

Bashkir ornaments.

The traditional forms of Bashkir appliqués go back to the ornamentation of nomadic items, clothes and shoes. Among them, scoops for women's saddles, carpets, curtains, shoes with cloth tops, stockings made of homespun cloth, decorated with geometric patterns, were widespread.

The main elements of Bashkir geometric patterns are quite diverse. Among the heart-shaped, spiral, wavy figures, squares, triangles, needle lines are often found. Their brilliance with simplicity of outlines is achieved mainly by bright and warm colors. Common combinations of red, green, yellow, black. So on the ends of towels, tablecloths, the background is usually red, on which green and yellow ornaments look good.

The compositional structure of the Bashkir jewelry is symmetrical, due to the peculiarities of the shape, purpose and size of the products. The patterns are arranged either in the form of borders, or as separate rosettes, or even as a continuous grid.

As samples of ornaments in applications available for reproduction by children, patterns with simple combinations of stripes, triangles, squares, rhombuses, including those with figures inscribed into each other, are recommended. It is also possible to use some spiral elements to decorate traditional household items, towels, aprons, tablecloths, carpets, etc.

When making applications based on Bashkir motifs, great attention should be paid to the color design of ornaments. First of all, it is necessary to apply the traditional set of colors, where combinations of red with green, yellow, black should occupy the main place. The ornament should be enlivened with a background color. So, on red paper, green, yellow, black elements are clearly distinguished, and on black, on the contrary, red in combination with green, yellow, white tones.

Folk arts and crafts introduces the child to a rich world of objects and images that are distinguished by a riot of colors, a variety of shapes, and bright ornamental constructions. This evokes a lively emotional response and activates the creativity of children, the desire to reflect in their own way what they see in a drawing or application, which in turn contributes to the formation of a personality, raising a child's interest and love for the art of his people, pride and love for the Motherland, both for the small, Bashkortostan, and for the Motherland - mother, great Russia.

Aigerim Shylmyrza
Application based on folk ornament

State budgetary preschool educational institution

Kindergarten No. 23 "Rainbow"

MESSAGE

« Application based on folk ornament as one of the means of patriotic education of preschoolers"

Prepared and read

on ped. Council

teacher Shylmyrza A. B.

Baikonur

Folk Art occupies a special place in the national culture of the country. It reflects the originality, artistic genius people: his poetry, fantasy, imaginative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings; sings the best features popular character - courage, humanity, devotion to civic duty, the Motherland, honesty, heroic strength, optimism.

People For centuries, he has sought to express his attitude to life, his love for nature, his understanding of beauty in an artistic form. Products of arts and crafts that children see reveal to them the richness of culture people, help them learn the customs passed down from generation to generation, teach them to understand and love beauty, introduce them to work according to the laws of beauty.

Decorative applique - a type of ornamental activity, during which children master the ability to cut and combine various elements of decoration (geometric, plant forms, generalized figures of birds, animals, humans) according to the laws of rhythm, symmetry, using bright color juxtapositions. In these classes, my children learned to stylize, decoratively transform real objects, generalize their structure, endow samples with new qualities.

In my work with children, I use decorative and applied arts with floral patterns (Kazakh ornaments, Khokhloma, Dymkovo, Filimonovka, etc.). My task is to show the diversity and traditions of the species: characteristic features, originality of pattern elements, color combinations, compositions.

Across folk arts and crafts, I introduced children to the rich world of objects and images, characterized by a riot of colors, a variety of shapes, bright ornamental constructions. This evoked a lively emotional response in them and intensified the creative activity of children, the desire to reflect in their own way what they saw in a drawing or applications, which, in turn, contributed to the formation of personality, educating them of interest and love for the art of their people and people of other nationalities. All work was aimed at familiarizing children with folk ornamental art, learning to reproduce them ornament motifs in various types of visual activity, including applications, in the classroom, as well as in independent artistic and design activities.

In this regard, I have set myself the following tasks:

Experience artistic experience folk craftsmen, learn how to creatively comprehend it, create something new, distinguish genuine works from stylized fakes, souvenirs;

Explore the forms of modern folk art, folk art crafts, to reveal the artistic traditions of the art of other peoples;

Don't follow formal rules folk art, which leads to stylization, external imitation, a stamp;

Learn to take samples folk art, tested by artistic taste people that meet the tasks of preschool education, rely on the didactic principle "from near to far" during the initial acquaintance of children with the closest art of their people, then other nationalities living in the area (as knowledge is acquired, the scope of such study can be expanded);

To master practical skills in creating visual aids for classes with children based on folk samples in different techniques applications;

To be able to apply the acquired knowledge and skills in organizing work with children in the classroom and in their independent artistic activities;

Plan the sequence of classes to familiarize children with examples of decorative and applied arts of one or another people and by displaying motifs of folk ornaments in applications;

Look for ways of practical application of the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in applications in other forms and types of visual activity.

I want to tell you how last year we carried out work to introduce children to folk culture. Selected informative literature about folk craft"haze", about the features of Dymkovo patterns, about the history of this craft, clarified the methods and techniques used to familiarize children with this craft and teach them to paint.

Acquaintance with Dymkovo painting began with examining Dymkovo toys and their images, along the way making the necessary explanations to help children understand the features of Dymkovo painting.

The work of educating children applicationsDymkovo patterns were carried out in the following sequence:

1. Acquaintance of children with the Dymkovo toy.

2. Formation in children of the skills of gluing Dymkovo patterns.

At first, she introduced the children to the Dymkovo toy in depth. The children showed products, colorful illustrations. With great interest, with bated breath, the children listened to my story, because each toy can be presented vividly, emotionally, using various comparisons, epithets, poems.

When examining Dymkovo toys or illustrations with children, they paid attention, firstly, to the features of Dymkovo painting; secondly, the ability to express the impressions received from the perception of these products; thirdly, they emphasized the brightness and variety of colors used in the painting of Dymkovo toys, since the child is emotionally responsive to color.

Then the children, already knowing everything about the Dymkovo patterns, created various crafts-works. So, on Mother's Day, children gave Dymkovo scarves to their mothers, Dymkovo mittens to Santa Claus, a tea set for Masha's doll, boards with various Dymkovo patterns for grandmothers. It should be noted that the children in the younger group did not work with scissors. Their main task was: stick the Dymkovo pattern on the base. The children easily coped with this task, because they already knew everything about Dymkovo patterns.

In addition, she conducted individual work with children outside of class, using didactic games. "Assemble the pattern", "Decorate an item".

I want to note that any lesson was accompanied by an artistic word. After all, children like expressive reading, smooth and melodic sound.

I have read works such as "Nanny", "Turkey", "Merry Haze", "Water Carrier" etc., learned finger gymnastics "horse", "duck".

Organized a joint exhibition of works by children and parents.

As you remember, last year you were guests at an open class "Let's Help Fun" where children using unconventional technology applications decorated the skirt for Mom Zabavushka. Application self-adhesive paper served as the material for the decorations of the skirt.

Acquaintance with Filimonov, Khokhloma and Kazakh patterns ornaments carried out according to the knurled sample.

The children were interested in getting acquainted with the Kazakh ornaments. Indeed, in order to get to know them, I brought various decorations, products, household items, etc. for children. Yes, and many children met them in everyday life. But seeing them every day, the children did not know how much interesting and mysterious they keep in themselves. So with the children we went in search of Kazakh ornaments in the steppe, in the beauty of flowers and plants. Children got acquainted with such Kazakh ornaments like"koshkar-muyiz", "tolkyn", "tue taban", "kyzgaldak" etc. Using them, the children created a collection of Kazakh household items, jewelry. The children gave a korzhyn for Dunno when he ended up in a Kazakh yurt. We made a Kazakh blezik with traditional Kazakh for Grandmother Matryona ornament - tolkyn. And on Nauryz, children give each other Kazakh headdresses - saukele and borik.

This year, you attended an open lesson in our group, where the children themselves cut out Dymkovo patterns on their own. Of course, the kids this year have just started using scissors in their art classes. applications and it is difficult for them to cut out the necessary elements of certain patterns. So the children prepared pillows for the cubs for hibernation, for Maya the bee they decorated a barrel for honey, for Aldar-spit they decorated a dorba.

Therefore, decorative applique this simple and affordable way in the formation of patriotic feelings in preschool children. I want to end my speech with the words “All kinds of arts serve the greatest of the arts - the art of living on earth. To live on earth means to love it, to accept its beauty and greatness.

ACQUAINTANCE OF OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH THE UNIQUENESS OF DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART OF THE PEOPLE OF THE AMUR REGION VIA APPLICATION

... ... ... Folk art in our multinational country occupies a special place. It reflects the originality, artistic genius of the people: its poetry, fantasy, figurative thinking, wise simplicity of views and feelings; sings of the best features of the national character - courage, humanity, devotion to civic duty, the Motherland, honesty, heroic strength, optimism; contributes its most significant achievements to the treasury of a single international culture.... ... ...

For centuries, the people have sought to express their attitude to life, love for nature, their understanding of beauty in an artistic form. Products of arts and crafts that children will see reveal to them the richness of the culture of the people, help them learn the customs and customs passed down from generation to generation, teach them to understand and love beauty.

The ornamental basis of folk art is available to preschoolers for perception and display in creative activity. Bright and pure colors of patterns, symmetry and rhythm of alternation of forms attract children, make them want to reproduce what they saw. This necessitates a deeper study by the educator of the creative experience of folk craftsmen, mastering the skills of depicting folk ornaments, appropriate organization of work with children to familiarize themselves with folk art and teaching them the ability to create patterns based on decorating household items, costumes, etc.

Among the diverse types of folk ornament, the most accessible for perception and depiction by preschool children is appliqué - the oldest way of artistic design of products made from felt, leather, fur, cloth, birch bark, paper.

Folk ornament in applique from different materials

The main forms of ornamentation of products developed in close interaction with the uniqueness of the history of the culture of the people, with the peculiarities of their way of life and way of life, labor activity, the surrounding nature, climatic conditions and the availability of natural materials. In the course of a long historical process of the formation of national ornamentation traditions, methods of processing natural material, motifs of patterns, their compositional and color structure were created.

Folk artists draw the content of ornaments from the surrounding life, but they do not just copy its images, but, abstracting from the individual characteristics of a particular flower, bird, animal or insect, they freely process them into decorative forms. But, despite the fact that images are transmitted flat in ornaments, their real forms and proportions change, the natural ratio of sizes is violated, the patterns are endowed with rich color, the thrill of life, they are real in their own way.

Folk arts and crafts has great potential for variative interpretation of the composition of the ornament, which is distinguished by the symmetry and balance of its elements.

Color is essential in ornamentation. Folk craftsmen were well aware of the effect of color not only on vision, but also on the psyche of people. They took into account that certain phenomena, specific moods and experiences are often associated with one or another color in the human mind. Craftsmen in the color scheme of the ornament prefer red material. It is with the red color that the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bjoy, fun, triumph and happiness is associated. It evokes in our minds joyful associations with the sun, with the source of all life on Earth.

In products created by folk craftsmen, in most cases, a colored background is used, which enhances the sound of the ornament, softens it, creating a rich color palette in general.

Applications made of soft materials

Peoples of the Amur region(Nanai, Ulchi, Orochi, Udege, etc.) are engaged in fishing and hunting. Dexterous women's hands have learned to make elegant clothes, shoes and other household items from animal skins and fish skin, using colorful appliqués to decorate them.

The main type of clothing of the Amur peoples is dressing gowns. They are richly decorated with appliqués along the neckline, along the side, sleeves and hem (Fig. 1).

Carpets are original. Their canvas is divided into squares, circles, triangles. Applications are placed on the plane of each of them. They are sewn together, and their connecting seams are masked with decorative braid or embroidery. The originality of Nanai carpets lies in the variety of colors. They are dominated by green, orange, yellow, blue tones with complex combinations of ocher, green, blue, white colors.

Fig.1. Nanai robe.

Applications made of soft materials in decorative and applied arts emphasize the beauty and diversity of national ornaments, the established traditions of using natural materials and images in them, and original compositions and colors.

Hard materials application

Products made of solid materials (metal, bone, wood, birch bark) are often decorated with overhead or slotted patterns, made by nailing, soldering, silvering, through carving.

In the technique of through carving, ornaments are created from iron and tin, as well as from wood, bone and birch bark.

In this technique, chests and caskets were decorated with compositions of stripes and curls, which were attached to a wooden base. The beauty of the combinations and the outlines of the pattern were emphasized by colored mica linings. Through the openwork of the slit, it gleamed with a warm sparkling shimmer.

Fig.2. Box made of birch bark with pasted patterns.

The inventiveness of the Nanai craftsmen, as well as the Ulch and Nivkh masters (of the Amur region) is manifested in the decoration of birch bark objects with appliqués made of dyed birch bark, fish skin and paper. The pattern is cut out of birch bark, usually dyed black. Elements of such a pattern are glued with fish glue, and then they are sewn along the contour with tendon threads with rare stitches. When a thin applique is created (in one layer of birch bark or fish skin), the ornament is glued like paper.

Thus, the use of various hard materials in the creation of overlays or patterns embedded in the surface of decorated objects prompted craftsmen to search for greater artistic expressiveness of the ornament, to create new ways of fastening appliqués.

ORNAMENTS OF THE PEOPLES OF THE AMUR REGION (NANAIS)

In Nanai applications, the main elements of the pattern are formed by combining horn-shaped curls and spiral figures. Curls resemble the shapes of snails, snakes, worms. Very often their outlines approach the outlines of the shape of fish and birds.

Elements of the Nanai ornament are obtained by folding the workpiece in half to convey the symmetry of the arrangement of opposite parts in the clippings. (Figure 3 shows 10 elements of the national Nanai ornament.)

Rice. 3. Varieties of Nanai appliqué patterns.

The simplest element is cut out using a symmetricalImages. Several identical figures are obtained by folding the strip with an accordion (Fig. 3, 1). The arrangement of patterned motifs emphasizes the gradual complication of the outlines of the patterns: from the image of a single curl with a process, horseshoe-shaped figures to the carving of complex curls with various branches and combinations. So, in horseshoe shapes (Fig. .3, 2) a simple rounding of paired curls is interpreted either in the form of a wave-like motif, or with processes and spirals bent towards each other. These elements are cut from rectangular sheets after being divided in half along a vertical section. The length of the rectangle is taken depending on the structural features of the element so that the half of the figure fits completely into the folded part. Further, more complex applications are placed, in which the direction of opposing curls with additional branches, processes, slottedmi parts. Preschoolers can cut these elements only along the drawn contour on half of the workpiece. The other two elements (Fig. ) also complex, in which the interlacing of curls is given in mirror correspondence with each other. Their use in children's applications is possible only in partial execution according to the contour outlined in advance by the educator.

Combinations of traditional elements based on folk ornaments are used to decorate national clothes, shoes, carpets, etc.

Rice. 4. Motifs for decorating Nanai items.

Consider the ornamentation in the decoration of some products - children's dressing gowns, mittens, slippers (Fig. 4). On hahaya, the ornament goes along the neckline of the collar and on the sleeves. Colored stripes accentuate the main lines of the silhouette, highlighting the smell, the borders of the hem. On the mittens the back is decorated with an appliqué, forming a closed patterned solution in combination with fur on ruffles. Slippers ornamented with openwork stripes on the vamps and sides with a solid pattern, the decorative effect of which is achieved by placing colored linings under the slots. This technique is used by Nanai craftswomen for a colorful comparison of two contrasting colors of the background and pattern. Combinations such as blue with white and red, black with white and blue, red with yellow and black are widely used by the Nanais. These color combinations, along with the diverse swirls of the ornament in a clear rhythm and alternation, allow the educator to organize acquaintance of children of preschool age with the originality of the decorative and applied art of the peoples of the Amur region.

Sources.

Bogateeva 3. A. Applications based on folk ornaments in kindergarten: A guide for a teacher for children. garden. - M.: Enlightenment, 1982.-175 p. ill.

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